The German grammar is somewhat more complicated.compared with the related languages of the Romano-Germanic group. Take, for example, the declension of nouns or the concept of the grammatical gender, which is not in English. The concept of "word order" exists in almost all languages, only in some cases we are dealing with a free arrangement of words in a sentence, in others there is a certain regularity.
According to the purpose of the statement, the German proposal is divided into 3 types:
- Narrative (Aussagesatz).
- Interrogative (Fragesatz).
- Motivation (Imperativsatz).
Word order in german sentence
In the German sentence, there are 2 types.word placement. Characteristic of the German sentence is the mandatory presence of both main members: as the subject (Subjekt), as well as the predicate, Prädikat (there are exceptions, but this should be discussed separately).
A simple undistributed sentence has inIn its composition, only the main members look like this: Ich schreibe. (I write). More often, a proposal has more than 2 members, in which case they talk about a common offer.
The word order in the German sentence has two types: direct and reverse.
Direct word order simple common sentences are easier to express as follows: subject + predicate + secondary members.
Er schreibt ein Brief.
The conjugate part of the composite composite predicate always remains in second place, the other, non-conjugate part, as well as the detachable prefix, go to the end of the sentence:
Er hat ein Brief geschrieben. Sie geht heute spazieren.
The second option - reverse word order.
The meaning of the sentence itself from the use of another word-laying scheme does not change. In this case, only I and III places change, the reverse order looks like this: secondary clause + predicate (ex. part) + subject + secondary terms + incl. part of the predicate. The last place is also placed detachable prefix.
Heute geht sie spazieren.
Word order in German sentence: negative sentence
Most often, the German sentence uses the negation nicht, which is put before the word, which it denies: Nicht alle sehen das.
If the negation concerns the predicate that the particle is put at the end of the sentence: Das wissen wir nicht.
If the negation concerns a noun, use the kein particle, which is placed directly in front of it. Both words agree upon gender and case: Er hat keine Zeit.
It should be remembered that in the German language one negation is permissible in a sentence, unlike Russian.
Word order in the German sentence: interrogative sentence
There are two types of interrogative German sentences: with a question word and without it.
Interrogative sentence without interrogative words: Ref. part of the predicate + subject + secondary members + Nesr. part of the predicate: Gehst du im Park?
A question sentence with a question word begins with it: vopr. word + spr. part of the predicate + subject + secondary members + Nesr. part of the predicate: Wohin geht er heute Abend spazieren?
Word order in a motivational german sentence
The incentive (imperative) sentence expresses a call to some kind of action, an order, a ban. The predicate, which stands in the imperative, takes the first position: Gehen wir im Park!
Word order in a complex german sentence
There are two types of complex sentences:compound and compound. Since in a compound sentence its parts can exist independently of each other, the word order in them is not much different from a simple German sentence. Separately, it is necessary to dwell on the complex sentence.
Option one: the main offer is in the first position, the second part follows it. In this case, the common word ordering pattern is as follows:
- the main sentence has a word order similar to a simple sentence;
- subordinate clause: immediately after the comma the subordinate union + subject + secondary members + (negation, if any) + indeterminate is put. part of the predicate + Ref. part of the predicate.
Detachable consoles are not separated. If the predicate in the subordinate clause is expressed by a reflexive verb, then the particle sich in the correct form is placed immediately after the union, and only the subject follows.
If the order of the sentences changes, andthe main sentence goes into the background, it begins with spr. parts of the predicate, because the subordinate clause, having taken the first place, plays the role of one of the main members of the sentence.
