"The economic heart of the state", "workshopnations ”- this United States makrorayon is called differently. In the scientific literature it is called the Northeast USA. The region has played and continues to play a crucial role in the life of the most powerful nation on the planet. In this article, we will look at the main features, problems and prospects of the US Northeast, as well as highlight the factors that contribute to its sustainable economic development.
United States Economic Zoning
The United States, in addition to traditionalbreakdowns by states, are also divided into economic regions. Up to the 1980s, there were only three of them. This is the West, North and South. At the end of the twentieth century, American economists and geographers began to identify four such regions. Since then, the so-called Northeast of the United States (Northeastern United States, or Northeast) has appeared on economic maps.
So, modern state zoningprovides for the allocation of four economic regions on its territory. These are South, West, Midwest, and Northeast USA. All these areas differ from each other not only in terms of socio-economic development factors, but also in historical and cultural characteristics.
North-east USA: characteristics of the area
Macro district includes New England, as well asMid Atlantic States. Within its borders is located both the political (Washington) and the financial and economic capital of the state (New York). The northeastern United States consists of nine states. It:
- Pennsylvania;
- New York;
- New Jersey;
- Maine;
- New Hampshire;
- Massachusetts;
- Connecticut;
- Vermont;
- Rhode Island.
According to another zoning, the following districts are also considered to be this macrodistrict: Colombia, Delaware, and Maryland.
Northeast: Interesting Facts and Statistical Figures
There are several of the most interesting characteristics of the American Northeast:
- The region occupies only 5% of the country's territory. At the same time about 20% of all Americans live in it.
- The Northeast is a very rich economic region of the United States. The states of Maryland, New Jersey and Connecticut have the highest average incomes in the country.
- This macro area accounts for up to 25% of the state’s GDP.
- This territory became the starting point of European colonization of the whole continent.
- Within the region, there is the largest megalopolis of the Earth, Bosvash, with an area of about 170,000 square meters. km
Northeastern United States: Natural Resources and Geographical Features
Natural resource potential of the makrorayonpoor enough. However, it is more than offset by an unusually favorable economic and geographical position. The relief and climatic conditions are ideal for living and doing business. The northeast has extensive access to the Atlantic Ocean. It is here that the country's largest seaports are located — Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and others. In addition, the continent’s most important railway linking Detroit to the Atlantic coast runs through the region.
Features of the resource base of the Northeast USAare as follows. The main raw material wealth of this region is coal. The macro-district is located within the Appalachian Coal Basin, which stretches for more than 1000 kilometers along the slopes of the mountain range of the same name. The development of deposits here began in the 1800th year.
In addition to coal, the Northeast United States is also underway.active mining of some ores of non-ferrous metals (in particular, aluminum). The shortage of many mineral resources in the region is compensated by a favorable neighborhood. So, from the South and the Midwest, the USA supplies oil, gas, iron and copper ores, phosphates, building materials, etc. Here many of the manufacturing industries, such as ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and others, are working on this raw material.
Northeast - the "economic heart" of the United States
На Северо-востоке США наибольшее развитие received a heavy industry (coal business, metallurgy, various branches of engineering), food, clothing, as well as the printing industry. Dairy farming and narrow-profile horticulture dominate in the agrarian complex of the region. The main factors for the development of the US Northeast are as follows:
- The advantage of geographical location.
- The richest deposits of coal.
- Historical features associated with colonization.
Perhaps the most important factor in economicdevelopment of the region favors the advantage of its geographical location. Indeed, this part of the state is closest to Europe. Four centuries ago, this feature was extremely significant. In 1620, the first ship with European colonialists moored near the coast of New England.
Thousands passed through the Northeastimmigrants - adventurers and romantics, who arrived on the continent from the Old World in search of a new life. Many of them have settled here, forming the backbone of the future powerful financial and economic system. The northeast United States has always been as open as possible to the outside world. Within this region, great corporations appeared and developed - “monsters” of modern capitalist society.
The main centers of the makrorayon
New York - the main financial, industrial andthe shopping center is not only the Northeast, but the whole country. According to statistics, this metropolis provides more than 10% of the total GDP of the state. Here are the offices of the world's largest banks and insurance companies. In addition, a huge seaport operates in New York, annually transporting thousands of cargo ships through itself.
Washington is the administrative capital of the United States.The main product of this city, as the Americans joke, are the laws and various regulations. In addition, Washington is an important scientific, educational and cultural center of the country. A unique feature of the city - there are no skyscrapers! And all because in Washington it is forbidden to build buildings that will be higher than the Capitol.
Если Вашингтон – это правовая столица США, New York is financial, then Pittsburgh can be safely considered the metallurgical capital of the country. The city on the Ohio River is the main center of the American Ruhr, the main coal and metallurgical base of the continent. Alas, today many factories and mines of Pittsburgh are closing. However, other industries are actively developing in the city, in particular the services and communications sector.
Conclusion
The Northeast United States is the smallestthe size of the macro area of the country. It is located in the northeastern part of the state, which directly follows from its name, and includes nine states. The region occupies an important place in the US economic system. It was here that formed the main industrial belt of the country. And it is in the North-East that the largest megacities and industrial centers of the United States are located. These are the cities of New York, Washington, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and Boston.
