Throughout his life, a person experiencesvarious physical activities. It can be both professional strength exercises, and simply attendant loads that occur in various life situations.
During exercise, muscles thatinvolved in the process, increase. This happens by increasing the fibers that make up the muscle. The muscle fiber may be full-length muscle, or it may be shorter. Muscle fiber consists of a large number of contractile elements - myofibrils. Inside each element are even smaller elements - actin and myosin myofiaments. And due to these elements and muscle contraction occurs.
With regular weight lifting muscle fibers increase, this will be muscle hypertrophy.
Muscle hypertrophy - an increase in muscle mass due to the "growth" of muscle fibers.
Чаще всего гипертрофия мышц присутствует у athletes involved in bodybuilding. Since this sport is aimed at improving your body with the help of power loads, high-calorie nutrition and taking various anabolic drugs. As a result, a pronounced muscle relief is formed on the body, that is, muscle hypertrophy occurs.
The processes occurring in the muscles during exercise
The basis of the structure of the human body is protein, it is present in all its tissues. Therefore, changes in muscle tissue depend on the synthesis and catabolism of protein in the tissue.
With constant physical exertion occursskeletal muscle hypertrophy. When the body is under pressure, the content of contractile proteins increases in the corresponding muscles. However, as scientifically established, during physical effects on the body, protein synthesis is suspended, and catabolism is activated in the first minutes of the recovery process. Thus, muscle hypertrophy occurs due to the activation of protein synthesis, and not by reducing the intensity of protein breakdown at a constant level of protein synthesis intensity.
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Human muscle tissue performs motorfunction, it forms skeletal muscle. The main task that skeletal muscles perform is contractility, which occurs due to a change in muscle length when exposed to nerve impulses. Using his muscles, a person can “move”. Each muscle performs its own specific action; it can work only in one specific direction when acting on a joint. To ensure the movement of the joint around its axis, a pair of muscles are used, which are present on both sides of the joint.
The strength of the muscle determines the number and thicknessfibers that are present in a given muscle. They constitute the anatomical diameter of the muscle (the area of the transverse incision of the muscle, made perpendicular to its length).
There is also such an indicator as the physiological diameter (cross section of a muscle, perpendicular to its fibers).
The magnitude of the physiological diameter affects muscle strength. The larger the physiological diameter, the greater the strength will be inherent in the muscle.
During physical activity increases the diameter of the muscle, this is called the working hypertrophy of the muscles.
Рабочая гипертрофия мышц присутствует, когда there is an increase in the volume of muscle fibers. With a strong thickening of the fibers, splitting into several new fibers with a common tendon can occur. Working hypertrophy occurs in healthy people with enhanced function of human tissue or organ. For example, it is human skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Causes of muscle hypertrophy
Hypertrophy of the muscles, in most cases, causeregular exercise. However, the increase in muscle mass is also influenced by the amount of calories consumed. If the calories are not enough, a large amount of muscle can not be reached.
Accompany the achievement of the required muscle volume, that is, there is hypertrophy of the muscles, the causes, which are based on the following principles:
- A constant load on all types of muscles, the volume of which is required to increase.
- Load time is selected individually. Do not adhere to standards. It is necessary to do as much as the body allows, but not to the point of exhaustion.
- Do not cause exhaustion of the nervous system, work concentrated, calm and judicious.
- At the initial stages of training, muscle pain may appear, but this should not be a pretext for suspension of the session.
Also, there should be a full and balanced diet, plenty of drinks to maintain the body's water balance.
Increase in masticatory muscles
Due to "extra" movements of the jaw may appearhypertrophy of the masticatory muscles. The lower jaw of the person is pressed against the upper due to the masticatory muscles. They consist of two parts and are located on both sides of the jaw. The muscle begins at the lower edge of the zygomatic arch and ends at the outer surface of the lower branch.
The hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles causes a disturbance invisual harmonious combination of the upper and lower parts of the face, also causes pain in the masticatory muscles. The face becomes "square" or widened to the bottom. Muscle hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in their load.
Hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles can provoke:
- bruxism - gnashing of teeth;
- constantly clenched jaws, up to erase teeth;
- pain in masticatory muscles.
Correction of the masticatory muscles
With hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles in humansthere is a disproportion in facial features. In this case, there may also be a constant pain syndrome in the jaw area. To correct this imbalance, a person needs to consult a specialist to receive medical treatment. In order for the hypertrophy of the muscles to pass, the treatment must begin on time.
With treatment in the chewing muscle, in three - fourplaces, a special preparation is injected that relaxes the muscle and causes local muscle relaxation. After a few days, the effect is visible, which will last about six months.
Cardiac muscle hypertrophy
There are cases when there is a pathological increase in the heart, mainly due to an increase in the thickness of the heart muscle - myocardium.
The hypertrophy of the left parts of the heart is more common than the right.
Hypertrophy of the heart can occur when:
- congenital or acquired heart defects;
- hypertensive disease;
- intense physical exertion;
- metabolic disorders, including obesity;
- sudden loads when sedentary lifestyles.
Symptoms of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
Незначительная гипертрофия сердечной мышцы не causes no change in human well-being and may go unnoticed. The greater the stage of the disease, the more pronounced the symptoms of the disease. One of the best options for diagnosing a disease is an ultrasound examination of the heart.
You can assume the presence of this disease by the presence of such symptoms:
- breathe heavily, breathing is difficult;
- chest pains;
- fast fatiguability;
- unstable heart rate.
Can provoke ventricular hypertrophyhigh blood pressure. The heart begins to work faster, the blood in the heart begins to push more against the walls, thereby expanding and enlarging the heart and reducing the elasticity of the walls. This leads to the inability of the heart to work as before.
Treatment of cardiac hypertrophy
На начальной стадии гипертрофия сердца поддается drug treatment. Diagnosis is carried out in order to identify the cause that provoked the development of hypertrophy, and its elimination begins. If, for example, the disease has developed due to a sedentary lifestyle and overweight, then the person is assigned a small amount of physical activity and his diet is adjusted. Products are introduced in accordance with the principles of healthy eating.
If the ventricular hypertrophy has reached a large size, surgery is performed and the hypertrophied area is removed.
Amyotrophy
Hypertrophy and muscle atrophy are the opposite.by meaning of the concept. If hypertrophy means an increase in muscle mass, then atrophy means its reduction. The fibers that make up the muscle, which do not receive a load for a long time, become thinner, their number decreases and in severe cases may disappear altogether.
Muscle atrophy can cause various negative processes in the human body, both hereditary and acquired. This may be, for example:
- metabolic disease;
- consequence of endocrine diseases;
- complication after an infectious disease;
- intoxication of the body;
- enzyme deficiency;
- prolonged postoperative peace of the muscles.
Muscle Atrophy Treatment
The effectiveness of treatment depends onwhat stage is the disease. If the changes in the muscles are significant, they will not be fully restored. The cause of muscle atrophy is diagnosed, and appropriate medical treatment is prescribed. In addition to medication, it is recommended to:
- physiotherapy;
- physiotherapy;
- electrotherapy.
To keep muscles in shape, a massage is prescribed, which should be done regularly.
The treatment is aimed at stopping destructive actions in the muscles, relieving symptoms and improving metabolic processes in the body.
The presence of good nutrition with the content of all necessary vitamin elements is obligatory.
Conclusion
Thus, we can conclude that forobtaining skeletal muscle hypertrophy, it is necessary to make considerable physical effort. If this is done to achieve a beautiful body with a pronounced muscle mass, then the person will need to perform regular strength exercises. Moreover, his diet should be built on the principles of proper nutrition.
However, there is a chance of gettingunwanted muscle hypertrophy, which is a threat to human health, is: hypertrophy of the heart muscle and masticatory muscles. In most cases, the occurrence of these diseases is associated with abnormalities and disorders of the human body. Therefore, timely diagnosis and control of their health is necessary to prevent the onset and development of the disease.
A healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition will help a person stay in good shape and avoid possible health problems.
