In Russian, any "alien" speech madeLiterally and included in the text of the author, is called direct. In conversation, she stands out for pauses and intonation. And the letter can be highlighted in two ways: in one line “in the selection” or the spelling of each replica from a paragraph. Direct speech, punctuation marks for its correct design is a subject rather difficult for children. Therefore, when studying some rules it is not enough, there must be good examples of writing such sentences.
How to highlight the dialogue on the letter
Прямая речь «диалог», знаки препинания и arranging conversations on the letter is a rather complicated topic that needs to be properly dealt with. First, the replicas belonging to different persons, most often recorded with a paragraph. For example:
- And look over at that nest: is there anything there?
- There is nothing. Not a single testicle!
- Are there some shells near the nest?
- There are no shells!
- What!? Not really what a beast got into the habit of stealing eggs - we must follow!
This is a dialogue of two persons, decorated withparagraph selection, in which each new paragraph with a replica of one of the interlocutors must always begin with a dash and a capital letter. Replicas may consist of one or more sentences of a narrative, exclamation, or interrogative type.
“Well, what are you?” - “I'm afraid, what if the stairs suddenly fall?” - “The ladder will not fall, but you can drop a bast basket with eggs!”
If after one of the statements followed by the author's notes, then the dash before the next phrase is omitted. And before the words of the author put a comma and a dash.
“She is sleeping,” said Tanya. "Where is sleeping, show!".
Direct speech before and after the author's text
If, however, in writing a conversation a few peoplethe prefaces of the author are included, then a colon is placed after them. Moreover, it is necessary in those cases when there is no verb defining the continuation of the conversation, but direct speech is clearly visible. For example:
Mother smiled:
- You are my clever!
You can also write this phrase in one line, only then you need to use quotes: For example:
Mother smiled: "My clever you!"
It is worth noting that unspoken thoughts orThe author’s inner speech is always quoted in quotes, no matter where in the sentence it is located. Also on the letter in quotes take echo sounds. For example:
I’m having hot tea now, he thought.
I stand and think: "And why this rain?".
“Ay, people?” Echoed loudly.
The voice of the announcer sounded clearly and loudly: “Attention, attention!”.
Before you write the words of direct speech, aftercopyright words always put a colon and open quotes. A replica is always started with a capital letter, before the quotation marks are closed, an exclamation or question mark is put, and the dot only after the quotation marks.
Special cases of direct speech
There are some cases where after the wordsThe author is a direct speech, the punctuation marks in which are slightly different from the above. Namely, if in the absence of a verb denoting a subsequent cue, one cannot put the words “and said,” “and thought,” “and exclaimed,” “and asked” and the like, in such cases, the colon is not inserted after the author's notes. For example:
Nobody wanted to leave.
- Tell us another story!
My words embarrassed everyone.
“So you don't trust us?”
How to highlight a letter quote
Approximately by the same rules allocate andquoted in the text. If it is not given completely, then in the place where words are skipped, they put a three-dot. As a rule, quotes are always separated by commas, even if they are similar to indirect speech. Before the author's speech, the quotation with the first words omitted begins to be written with an ellipsis and a capital letter, but if it is located in the middle of a sentence, then with a lowercase one. Here, just as in the case of direct speech, colons and dashes are used, which are arranged according to already known rules regarding the location of the quotation.
Author's notes inside direct speech
In the case when in the text in the speech it is necessary to insert the author's words, then the statements are closed in quotes, along with the author's notes. For example:
"I will go to my grandmother - declared baby - and that's it!"
There are cases when the quotes are not set at all, instead they are used commas:
- If there is no clear indication of the person to whom the replica belongs, or when the well-known proverb is used in the text.
- When it is difficult to determine in front of us direct or indirect speech.
- If the word "says" is included in the statement. For example: I said I will show you again !.
- If the statement is placed indication of the source. Most often this refers to periodicals. For example: Speech from the scene, the correspondent notes, blew up the hall with applause.
If, when breaking statements, direct speech is nothad to end with any sign, or a comma, a dash, a colon or a semicolon was provided, then a comma and a dash are put before the author’s words, and a period and a dash before the author’s words. Then the rest of the replica is written with a capital letter. For example:
“I'll be out for a few minutes,” said Helen. “I will be there soon.”
In cases where in the first part of direct speech tothe gap should have been a question or exclamation mark, then it is put in front of the dash and with the author's words, after which they put a dot and continue after the dash to continue the direct speech. Also preserved and ellipsis with a colon.
Instead of concluding
Direct speech, the punctuation of which is not sodifficult to learn, in literary works is very common. Therefore, books can be a good visual aid for studying this topic. After all, visual perception, along with knowledge of the rules, will be able to consolidate well in memory the knowledge on the topic “Direct speech”.
Знаки препинания, схемы предложений с the location of direct speech and quotations in the text is studied in school for a single year, which is understandable, because this section of the Russian language is quite voluminous and has many subtleties. However, the basic rules that are most often applied in writing are not so difficult to remember.
