The topic of this article will be English prepositions, inparticular, indicating a place in space. How important this part of speech is, where and how it is used, what variations and nuances exist in the use of prepositions - you can learn about all this.
What are they needed for
Prepositions in English are official words that allow you to link the components of a sentence together and make its meaning more precise and specific.
Prepositions are put before various parts of speech:nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and even before gerindi. The word that follows the preposition is called an addendum to it. There may be several such additions in the sentence with respect to one preposition. For example:
There is a table between the sofa and the bookcase.
This article will explain the prepositions in detail.places (English). Exercises to memorize such grammatical material are usually based on filling in gaps or choosing the appropriate option from two to three proposed. In general, this topic is simple, if you pay enough attention to practice. In the process of doing the exercises, all prepositions, their use and translation into Russian will be gradually remembered. Now consider this topic in more detail.
Varieties
Prepositions of a place in English can be divided into different groups. These are synonymous and antonymic (they will be discussed later in the article), as well as simple, complex and complex.
Simple prepositions are those that consist of one part. Examples: in, on, at, off.
Complicated prepositions of a place in the English language are formed by composition. They consist of several parts merged with each other. Examples: between, above, beside, round.
Compound prepositions are those that consist of two or three separate words. Example: in front of.
Then we will learn more about what prepositions pointing to a location are and how to translate them into Russian.
Prepositions of a place in English: table
Pretext | Translation (s) | Example |
above | above | The picture is hanging above the desk. - Karina hangs over the table. |
across | across; on that side | There is a shop across the street. “There's a shop on the other side of the street.” |
against | opposite | There is a shop against my house. - Opposite my home shop. |
among | among; between | Can you find me on the photo among other people? “Can you find me on a photo among other people?” |
at | near, near; in, on | He is standing at the wall. - He stands against the wall. |
before | before | There is a coffee table before the sofa. - In front of the sofa there is a coffee table. |
behind | behind | She is sitting behind me. - She sits behind me. |
below | down below | I’m on a plane and see clouds below. “I'm flying on an airplane and I see clouds below.” |
beside | near | Don’t worry, I’m beside you. - Do not worry, I'm next to you. |
beyond | behind; on the other side | It’s beyond my understanding. - This is beyond my comprehension. |
would | near | There is my house by the river. “This is my river house.” |
down | down below | I live down the street. - I live down the street. |
in | in, on | Put your books in the bag. - Put the books in the bag. |
in front of | ahead of | I see the shop in front of me. - I see a store in front of me. |
inside | inside | What is inside your pocket? - What's in your pocket? |
near | near | I stand near the pool. - I'm standing by the pool. |
next to | beside | My room is next to yours. - My room is next to (next after) yours. |
he | on | The cat is on the chair. - Cat on the chair. |
outside | outside | It’s cold outside. - Outside (outside) cold. |
over | above | Birds are flying over the field. - Birds fly over the field. |
round | around | There are chairs round the table. “There are chairs around the table.” |
under | under | The dog is under the bed. - The dog is under the bed. |
pack | up | The castle is up the hill. - Castle on the hill |
Stable combinations
Some English place prepositions are used in conjunction with certain words. For example:
- in the street - on the street;
- at the table - at the table;
- in the sun - in the sun;
- at home - at home;
- at work - at work;
- at school - at school.
Можно заметить, что в последних трёх случаях не articles are used. These options are already entrenched in the language. In addition, when referring to a place, the preposition at is usually used. Exceptions are situations where it is just a room that is meant, not its purpose. Compare:
I study at school. - I'm in school.
There is a big staircase in school. - The school (school building) has a large staircase.
Synonymous prepositions
Prepositions of a place in the English language may be synonymous with each other. Probably, you have already noticed some of them in the table.
There are several ways to say "near":
- near;
- next to;
- beside
The value "opposite" can be expressed:
- in front of;
- against;
- across.
The meaning of "inside" have prepositions:
- in;
- inside.
The use of these synonyms depends on the context of the situation and the word (addition) to which the official part of speech refers.
Antonymic prepositions
Prepositions place in the English language can express the opposite meaning. Such words are very convenient to remember in a pair:
- before - behind (in front - behind);
- in front of - beyond;
- above - below (above, above - below, below);
- over - under;
- up - down (above - below);
- inside - outside (inside - outside).
Features of the use of prepositions
1. The preposition in means to be in a confined space:
- in my room - in my room;
- in your bag is in your bag.
Also used to indicate a location in a geographic region, country, city or street:
- in Europe;
- in Scotland;
- in Paris;
- in Green Street.
2. The preposition on denotes the location of an object on a horizontal surface:
- on the floor - on the floor;
- on the desk - on the table.
There may be stable combinations, for example:
- on page 5 - on page 5.
Also the preposition on is used to indicate the sides:
- on the right - on the right;
- on the left - on the left.
3. The preposition at can mean finding a place next to another object:
- at the door - at the door;
- at the table - at the table.
It may also be borne in mind being in the room where a certain action takes place, in a small settlement or at a specific address:
- at the cinema - at the cinema;
- at Makeevka - in Makeyevka;
- at 27 Green Street - on Green Street, 27.
In British and American English
Geographical and cultural differences imposeits imprint on the English language. The grammar (prepositions of place and direction, auxiliary verbs, and in general the principles of constructing sentences) may vary somewhat depending on whether the British version of this language or American. Here are some examples of such differences:
- round (Brit.) - around (Amer.);
- at school / college / university / church (British and Amer.) - in school / college / university / church (Amer only.);
- in the street (Brit.) - on the street (amer.).
Помните, что одно механическое зазубривание Prepositions do not give a tangible result. It is necessary to constantly practice the use of these parts of speech, applying for this grammatical exercises, multimedia resources and the use of what is learned in speech (answers to questions, drawing up dialogues, etc.).
