The explosion is extremely fastthe process of converting an explosive into a highly heated and compressed gas that, with the same rapid expansion, performs mechanical work of moving, crushing, ejecting and destroying.
Explosives are chemical compounds and mixtures that, under a certain form of external action, begin to actively release heat and form heated gases in a large volume.
The explosions are generally similar to the burning of coal, firewood, andother common flammable substances. The only difference is in the burning rate - in an explosion it occurs in a split second. From here you can deduce two main types of transformations of explosions:
- Burning, in which energy is transferred from one layer of matter to another due to thermal conductivity. An example of such a substance is gunpowder.
- Detonation at which there is a rapidexpansion of the generated gases. The speed of the shock blast wave at the same time can reach the speed of sound. Such explosives: trotyl, hexogen, ammonite.
To begin the process of an explosion, it is necessary to make an external impact on an explosive compound. There are several main modes of exposure:
- mechanical - blow, friction, injection;
- chemical - chemical reaction of an explosive to an additional substance in charge;
- heat - spark, heat, ignition;
- detonation - the explosion of one chemical compound next to another.
Sensitivity classification of explosives
Initiating - have high sensitivity and have a detonation effect. Such substances for safety are placed in isolated devices - a cap, a fuse, a cap-detonator.
Blasting - serve for mines, shells, bombs, rockets, etc.Depending on the power, they are divided into high explosives (hexogen, tetryl), normal power (melinite, trotyl, plastite) and low power (ammonium nitrate and its various mixtures).
High-power substances are often used inmixtures with phlegmatizers, which reduce their sensitivity to external influences. They can also be used in combination with other substances to increase the power of the explosion or as an intermediate detonator.
Throwing - These are different types of powder, pyrotechnic mixtures, lighting projectiles, mines, aerial bombs, flares.
All explosive substances are characterized bydetonation speed, heat of explosive transformation, sensitivity, chemical resistance, high-explosiveness, high-explosiveness, density, duration of working capacity, normal aggregative state.
The most basic properties of this - high-explosiveness and explosiveness.
Blizzard - the ability to crush and destroyitems. Brisance depends on how quickly gases are generated during an explosion. The higher this property, the better the explosives are suitable for mines, shells, bombs, because in the process of the explosion the shell of the projectile will be qualitatively fragmented, and the fragments will receive the greatest speed and shock wave. The speed of detonation is also directly related to the blasting.
Explosiveness - an indicator of the ability to destroy andThrow objects out of a given explosion area. In essence, this is the performance of an explosive. The amount of gas that is released during an explosion determines the magnitude of the high explosive.
Different explosives are used for differentneeds. For work in mines and pits, crushing ice in rivers and oceans, substances with maximum explosiveness are necessary, and brisantness can be any. For example, it may be ammonite. For the production of projectiles, on the contrary, substances with high brisance and relatively low explosive effect are used, such as plastids.
