Oxides, their classification and properties are the basissuch an important science as chemistry. They begin to study in the first year of chemistry. In such exact sciences as mathematics, physics and chemistry, all the material is interconnected, which is why the non-assimilation of the material entails a misunderstanding of new topics. Therefore, it is very important to understand the topic of oxides and fully navigate it. We will try to talk about this in more detail today.
What are oxides?
Oxides, their classification and properties - this is what you need to understand is paramount. So what are oxides? Do you remember this from the school curriculum?
Oxides (or oxyls) are complex substancesbinary compounds, which include electronegative element atoms (less electronegative than oxygen) and oxygen with oxidation state -2.
Oxides are incredibly common substances on our planet. Examples of oxide compounds: water, rust, some dyes, sand, and even carbon dioxide.
Oxide formation
Oxides can be obtained in various ways.The formation of oxides is also studied by such a science as chemistry. Oxides, their classification and properties - this is what scientists need to know in order to understand how this or that oxide was formed. For example, they can be obtained by direct connection of the atom (or atoms) of oxygen with a chemical element - this is the interaction of chemical elements. However, there is an indirect formation of oxides, this is when oxides are formed by the decomposition of acids, salts or bases.
Classification of oxides
Oxides and their classification depend on howthey formed. According to their classification, oxides are divided into only two groups, the first of which is salt-forming, and the second is non-salt-forming. So, let's take a closer look at both groups.
Salt-forming oxides are quite large.a group that is divided into amphoteric, acidic and basic oxides. As a result of any chemical reaction, salt-forming oxides form salts. As a rule, elements of metals and nonmetals are included in the composition of oxides of salt-forming substances; as a result of a chemical reaction with water, they form acids, but when interacting with bases, they form corresponding acids and salts.
Non-forming oxides are those oxides that do not form salt as a result of a chemical reaction. Examples of such oxides are oxides of nitrogen and carbon.
Amphoteric oxides
Oxides, their classification and properties are very important concepts in chemistry. The composition of salt-forming oxides are amphoteric.
Амфотерные оксиды - это такие окислы, которые may exhibit basic or acidic properties, depending on the conditions of chemical reactions (exhibit amphotericity). Such oxides are formed by transition metals (copper, silver, gold, iron, ruthenium, tungsten, ruthenium, titanium, yttrium, and many others). Amphoteric oxides react with strong acids, and as a result of a chemical reaction, they form salts of these acids.
Acid Oxides
Acid oxides or anhydrides are suchoxides, which in chemical reactions exhibit acidic properties, and also form oxygen-containing acids. Anhydrides are always formed by typical non-metals, as well as some transition chemical elements.
Oxides, their classification and chemical properties -these are important concepts. For example, acidic oxides have completely different chemical properties than amphoteric ones. For example, when the anhydride reacts with water, the corresponding acid is formed (except for SiO2 - silicon oxide). Anhydrides interact with alkalis, and as a result of such reactions, water and soda are released. When interacting with basic oxides, salt forms.
Basic oxides
The main (from the word "base") oxides areoxides of chemical elements of metals with oxidation states of +1 or +2. These include alkali, alkaline earth metals, and the chemical element magnesium. Basic oxides differ from others in that they are able to react with acids.
Basic oxides interact with acids, in contrast to acid oxides, as well as with alkalis, water, and other oxides. As a result of these reactions, salts are usually formed.
Oxide properties
If you carefully examine the reactions of variousoxides, you can independently draw conclusions about what chemical properties oxyl endowed with. The general chemical property of absolutely all oxides is in the redox process.
But nevertheless, all oxides are different from each other. The classification and properties of oxides are two interrelated topics.
Non-forming oxides and their chemical properties
Non-forming oxides are such a group.oxides, which exhibits neither acidic, nor basic, nor amphoteric properties. As a result of chemical reactions with non-salt-forming oxides, no salts are formed. Previously, such oxides were not called non-salt-forming, but indifferent and indifferent, but such names do not correspond to the properties of non-salt-forming oxides. By their properties, these oxyls are quite capable of chemical reactions. But there are very few non-separating oxides, they are formed by monovalent and bivalent non-metals.
Salt-forming oxides can be obtained from non-salt forming oxides as a result of a chemical reaction.
Nomenclature
Almost all oxides are called:the word "oxide", followed by the name of the chemical element in the genitive case. For example, Al2O3 is alumina. In chemical language, this oxide is read as follows: aluminum 2 about 3. Some chemical elements, such as copper, may have several degrees of oxidation, respectively, oxides will also be different. Then, CuO oxide is copper oxide (two), that is, with a degree of oxidation 2, and Cu2O oxide is copper oxide (three), which has a degree of oxidation 3.
Но существуют и другие наименования оксидов, which emit by number in the combination of oxygen atoms. Monoxide or monoxide is called such oxides, which contain only one oxygen atom. Dioxides are those oxyls that contain two oxygen atoms, as reported by the prefix "di". Trioxides are those oxides that already contain three atoms of oxygen. Such names as monoxide, dioxide and trioxide are already outdated, but they are often found in textbooks, books and other manuals.
There are also so-called trivial names.oxides, that is, those that have developed historically. For example, CO is an oxide or carbon monoxide, but even chemists most often call this substance carbon monoxide.
So, oxide is an oxygen compound withchemical element. The main science that studies their education and interactions is chemistry. Oxides, their classification and properties are several important topics in the science of chemistry, without understanding that you can not understand everything else. Oxides are gases, minerals, and powders. Some oxides should be known in detail not only to scientists, but also to ordinary people, because they can even be dangerous to life on this earth. Oxides is a very interesting topic and quite light. Compounds of oxides are very common in everyday life.
