Natural resources of the Urals (table)

The Urals district covers an area of ​​more than 820 thousand km². Within its borders are the republics of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg and Kurgan regions, Komi-Permyak AO. The capital of the region is Ekaterinburg.

Climate

The natural conditions of the Urals vary from north to south.This is due to a considerable extent along the meridian (in comparison with latitude). At the same time, climatic zones of tundra and taiga, mixed forest, forest-steppe and steppe are changing. The Urals are divided into the Urals, the Urals and directly to the Ural range. In the central part of the Northern, Southern and Middle regions. In general, the climate can be characterized as continental, differing, however, in diversity. The air temperature in winter from west to east varies from -15 to -20 degrees, and in the summer period - from 15 (in the north) to 22 (in the south). Autumn and spring are cool enough. Winter is long, the snow lies to 140-250 days. The natural conditions of the territory are determined by the location relative to the plains of Eurasia, and also by the insignificant height and width of the ridges. Zonal changes are associated with a long extension from north to south. It is established that the western slope has 150-200 mm more precipitation than the eastern slope. The lack of moisture is acutely felt in the southern part of the district, where drought is often enough. Meanwhile, it is here that the conditions for conducting agricultural activities are most favorable. In the southern part of the region, steppes and forest-steppes predominate with a moderately warm climate. In the north, the soil cover needs qualitative reclamation works. In the Perm region there are about 800 marshes that require drainage. The main agricultural area is the valley of the river. The Urals. In this part are plowed black earth steppes.

Features of economic development

The Urals district is located between Siberia andKazakhstan, on the border of the Asian and European part of the country. This arrangement has a very favorable effect on the economic development of the territory. The natural conditions and resources of the Urals make it possible to provide a link between the eastern and western economic zones, which have different economic specialization. The region ranks second in Russia in terms of industrial output.

Natural resources of the Urals

The history of the Urals begins with the 18th century.At that time, the economic and geographical position of the territory was not considered favorable. After some time the EGP of the territory improved noticeably. This was facilitated by the development of the transport network and the construction of roads. Through the area there are highways that cross the entire territory of the country from the west to the Pacific Ocean. Fuel is supplied from the eastern regions to the Urals and raw materials. The western regions supply the products of processing enterprises. Natural resources of the Urals, the table of which will be given below, are very diverse. It found about 1000 kinds of mineral raw materials, about 12 thousand pools of minerals. In the Urals, 48 ​​of the 55 elements from the Mendeleyev table, which are of great importance for the national economic complex, are mined. On the territory of the district there are deposits of oil, potassium and potassium salts, limestone, gas. Here, brown coal, oil shale and other natural resources are mined. Mountains of the Urals are rich in reserves of precious stones, colored and black metal.

TEK

Fuel natural resources of the UralsThe federal district is represented in a wide variety. Oil fields are located mainly in the Orenburg region. and the Perm Territory, in Udmurtia and Bashkortostan. Relatively recently, a gas was discovered in the area. The base of the gas chemical complex was the Orenburg deposit. It is considered the largest in the European part of Russia. In some areas, open-pit mining is carried out, as it is close enough to the surface. It should be said that the reserves of this raw material are relatively small - about 4 billion tons. Of these, about 75% is brown coal. Fuel natural complexes and natural resources of the Urals have an energy value. This, in particular, refers to the Kizel and Chelyabinsk deposits of hard and brown coal. Meanwhile, as experts note, many basins are now largely worked out, and most of the raw materials come from other areas.

Iron Ore

Эти природные ресурсы Урала представлены titanomagnetites, magnetites, siderites, etc. The total area of ​​the region is about 15 billion tons of iron ore. In terms of production, the territory is second only to the Central Chernozem Region. However, own generation satisfies only 3/5 of the territory's needs. At present, the rich ores of Magnitogorsk, Tagilo-Kushvimsky and other basins have already been developed. Today the development of the Bakal and Kachkanar groups of deposits is underway. The most promising raw materials for metallurgy are titanomagnetites. They lie in the Kachkanar group of basins. In the Bakal deposits there are siderites. Unique in the Orsk-Khalilov group of basins are chrome-nickel ores.

Non-ferrous metals

These natural resources of the Urals are presented inhuge variety. In terms of their production, the region is second only to Kazakhstan. The main deposits of copper ore are in Gaisky, Blyavinsky, Degtyarsk, Kirovgrad and other basins. Nickel reserves are present in the Rezhsky, Buruktalsky, Orsk, and Ufa basins. Natural resources of the Urals include zinc (copper-zinc) ores. More recently, the Gay deposit was discovered. Here, pyrite ores with a high copper content were found. They also contain sulfur (up to 50%), zinc, silver, gold, rare metals. All ores present in the Urals are usually multicomponent. Due to this, their extraction is very cost-effective.

Other metals

Large reserves of bauxite are concentrated inSeverouralsk basin (in the fields Sosvinskoe, Little Red Riding Hood, etc.). However, many stocks today are on the verge of exhaustion. In the Ural region there are 27% of the total explored deposits of copper and ore bauxite, 12% nickel, 58% zinc. Found and developed reserves of emeralds, placer diamonds, rare-metal ores.

Salt

In the Urals found large reserves of this raw material.In the district there is one and the world's largest salt-water basins - Verkhnekamsk. The deposit's reserves are estimated at 172 billion tons. Ileckoye and Solikamskoye are large salt-water basins.

Building and other materials

The natural resources of the Urals are also representedlarge reserves of quartzites, clays, quartz sand, magnesites. Here there are deposits of asbestos, cement marl, marble, graphite, etc. The stocks of ornamental, semiprecious and precious stones are widely known. Among them are garnet, alexandrite, aquamarine, ruby, topaz, jasper, lapis lazuli, smoky crystal, malachite, emerald. The bulk of the diamond reserves in the Urals is concentrated in the Perm region in the Visher deposit. The region is on the second place in the country for extraction after Yakutia.

Forest

It occupies about 30 million hectares (more than 40%territory). The share of coniferous forest is 14 million hectares. The main massifs are located in the northern part of the Urals. In the Perm region, the forest covers about 68.9% of the territory. At the same time in the Orenburg region. there are about 4.4% of tree plantings. The western slope of the ridge is covered mainly by spruce and fir, and the eastern one by pines. The total timber stock is estimated at 4.1 billion tons. Of particular value are such species as larch, fir, pine and spruce. Enterprises of the forestry complex produce about 14% of business raw materials, 17% - sawn timber and about 16% of all paper in the country. The products are produced mainly for domestic needs. Enterprises are located in industrial areas.

Northern Territories

Natural resources of the polar Urals are presentedminerals, iron ores. Corundum, turquoise, ferri-molybdite, clinozoisite, rhodochrosite, etc. are found here. Iron ore volumes are estimated at millions of tons. There are deposits of manganese, betonite, copper, chromium, rare earth metals. Development of pools in the northern part of the Urals allows to fill the shortage of raw materials in the region. In 2005-2006 studies were conducted during which projected and prospective basins were identified. Mining of manganese, iron, chrome ore was planned. The forecasted volume of the latter is more than 300 million tons. It is supposed to increase the extraction of hard coal by 50% by 2020. This will help to improve the energy situation in the state. In addition, mining of such minerals as gold, tungsten, phosphate rock, lead, zinc, uranium, molybdenum, bauxite, tantalum, niobium, and platinoids is planned in the northern territories.

Natural resources of the Urals

The table below will help you better understand the wealth of this region. In it - the main categories of reserves located in the area.

Water reserves

The river network of the region belongs to the basinsCaspian (r. Ural and Kama) and Kara (river Tobol) seas. Its total length is more than 260 thousand km. About 70 thousand rivers flow through the region. In the pool r. Kama included 53.4 thousand, p. Tobol - 10.86 thousand. As for groundwater, their specific value in terms of units. areas - 115 m / day. / km², per capita - 5 m / day. / Pers.They are concentrated mainly in the mountainous regions of the Urals. They cover more than 30% of the total area and include 39.1% of the total share of groundwater. The distribution of stocks is influenced by the dependence of runoff on structural hydrogeological, lithological factors. The Pre-Urals is considered to be better supplied with water resources than the Trans-Urals. This situation is caused by climatic conditions. Ridges hold the masses of moist air coming from the Atlantic. Accordingly, in these areas adverse conditions are forming for the formation of underground wastewaters.