С начала XV века в истории Западной Европы the transitional era begins, which creates its brilliant culture. At this time, the feudal disintegration and the development of the capitalist system began: luxurious cities in Italy developed, one after another the greatest historical discoveries — firearms, the beginning of typography, and cartography and geography appeared as scientific disciplines. In mathematics, symbolic symbols are introduced, medical chemistry continues its development in the knowledge of the chemical phenomena of the human body and the study of drugs. Astronomy achieves great success at this time, Vasco da Gama opens the sea route to India, Columbus finds America, and Magellan proves the sphericity of the earth by going on the first round-the-world trip.
However, the most important discovery at this timeis the overthrow of the dictatorship of the church, is formed a new philosophy of the Renaissance, and this was the particular impetus to the flourishing of culture. The feudal asceticism of the illusory world was forever buried under new trends, the basis of which was the anthropocentrism of the philosophy of the Renaissance. A sensible person seemed to wake up from a long sleep and was ready to create for the good of his homeland, it is not by chance that the greatest Italian poets of the time, the creative ones of Petrarch, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Rabelais, Boccaccio, are becoming creative.
The philosophy of the Renaissance was formed underinfluenced by the greatest people of the time, talented artists, architects and sculptors made their own contribution to the development of the new empire. Leonardo da Vinci dedicates his best work to his greatness - Reasonable Man. As the author of the unsurpassed "Gioconda" and "Last Supper", he has a great influence on the aesthetic principles of the Renaissance. No less strong in energy were the paintings of Michelangelo Buonarroti in those days, they, like his sculptures, exalted the spiritual and physical beauty of a person, his enormous inner potential. At the same time, a new revival architecture is being formed, which reaches unprecedented heights, due to the breadth of the flight of creative thought.
Вся философия эпохи Возрождения пропитана recognition of a person as an independent person and asserts his right to exercise his abilities and free personal growth. The first stage of the Renaissance passed as freethinking, opposed to the spiritual domination of the church and medieval scholasticism. The ancient philosophical heritage is mastered and restored in full, again opened philosophical schools, so unnecessarily forgotten in the Middle Ages. They are freed from the scholastic shell and the works of the great ancient philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, are reinterpreted. The philosophy of the Renaissance does not call for asceticism, repentance, and submission to the will of God, but on the contrary glorifies any initiative in the field of creativity and personal development. The desire to achieve power over their own destiny is no longer feudal and even Christian ideas, it is the seed of the new bourgeois system.
A special place in the philosophy of the RenaissanceNikolai Kuzansky takes, in contrast to other humanists, he devoted a huge amount of time to mathematics and natural science, and even created a special trend in the philosophy of that time - Christian naturalistic pantheism. The concept of this doctrine is that God exists in the world and the world exists in God, and since God is absolutely infinite and limitless, it means that the world is also infinite and any boundary in it can be freely passed. The consequence of this teaching is the great revolution in the worldview of the Europeans, the geocentric picture of the development of the Universe collapses and a new stage in the development of the philosophy and science of the Renaissance begins.
