Unemployment, alas, has become one of our realitiesof time. But once, during the Soviet Union, it was believed that it would never touch us, because in a socialist society there could not be such a phenomenon. It is there, in the decadent West, in order to survive, women are engaged in prostitution, and the old, children, and the handicapped are begging. Capable people there are forced to stand for hours on labor exchanges in the hope of finding at least some kind of income, and those who are desperate go for a piece of bread for a crime. But those who have lost hope get drunk, die from drugs, become victims of suicide.
With the passing of the era of the USSR, with the collapse of the economiesformer republics, with the impoverishment of the mainstream of the population, unemployment has firmly settled throughout the post-Soviet space and is not going to give up its positions. Contribute to this and endless world crises, another wave covering the countries of near and far abroad, and confusion in the political and economic issues of domestic policies, and many other nuances.
Every government from time to time has toeliminate the economic and social consequences of unemployment. They are very serious. Specialists put them on the same scales with the problems of poverty, social instability and others that threaten to undermine the foundations of state power.
The economic consequences of unemployment for Russiansand the citizens of other states are the heavier, the lower their financial security. Psychologists believe that in order to adapt in such conditions, people need appropriate help and support. It should be expressed in unemployment benefits, as well as in special state programs and measures that would help people through difficult times.
Socio-economic consequences of unemploymentthey consist not only in assessing social damage or losses in a country's economy, although this is also important. The amount of time spent on production processes is significantly reduced. The intensity and productivity of labor is rapidly declining. Plus to this - direct costs from the budget to overcome these negative phenomena.
At the same time, analyzing the social and economic consequences of unemployment, experts speak not only about its negative, but also its positive aspects.
I. Unemployment and its social consequences
1. Negative:
- criminogenic situations are aggravated;
- social tensions are increasing in society;
- the number of mentally and physically ill increases;
- the social stratification of society is growing, the gap between the poor and the rich is widening;
- labor activity is less at times compared with years of social and economic stability.
2. Positive:
- people start to keep their jobs stronger than usual, the social value of jobs increases significantly;
- with a decrease in employment, a greater amount of free time is released, which people often spend on acquiring a new specialty, raising their intellectual level;
- there is a legal opportunity to find a new job;
- social significance and value of labor as such increases significantly.
Ii. Unemployment and its economic consequences
1. Negative:
- the process of learning, acquiring knowledge within the school curriculum and above loses its former significance (why study, if there is no place to work anyway!);
- production cuts can take very voluminous forms;
- increased costs to help victims of unemployment;
- experts lose their qualifications, knowledge is unclaimed;
- the standard of living of the population is steadily rolling down;
- tax revenues are significantly reduced in the state treasury;
- national income is underproduced.
2. Positive:
- citizens who are not involved in the production process become a kind of reserve of labor in a changing economy;
- competition between workers becomes an incentive for the development of their own talents, advanced training, growth of the level of skill;
- retraining;
- stimulation of labor productivity, its intensity.
So the socio-economicthe effects of unemployment are of a dialectical nature. Undoubtedly, unemployment itself is the result of negative phenomena of the state’s internal policy. It should be temporary. And the higher the standard of living in the country, the more stable the economy, the less people become victims of labor market fluctuations. In economically developed countries, the unemployed are much less than in those that experience internal cataclysms.
Naturally to overcomesocio-economic consequences of unemployment, heads of state often take such unpopular measures as the introduction of a limit on the entry of foreigners into the country, restricting their employment in favor of the local population and many others.
