Answering the question about what is isolation,you can simply say that this is a selection of pieces of text on the letter. But, as elsewhere, there are many nuances. In particular, there are different types of isolation.
Separation of the secondary members of the proposal
Almost any part of speech can be singled out on the letter, including secondary ones.
First of all, the selection of circumstances by commas depends on what they are expressed. The following cases are possible.
Circumstance is expressed by gerundive
The circumstance shall be separated regardless of the placewhich it takes in relation to the predicate expressed by the verb. That is, the separation of revolutions, including the decapital, occurs together with the isolation of the circumstance.
For example: Fear of a thunderstorm, he returned to the house.
If the circumstance is located in the middlesentence, then it must be separated from two sides by commas. This once again confirms that the answer to the question, what is isolation, is simple. This selection of a piece of phrase on the letter.
In autumn, after leaving the house, he felt a longing for his native land.
The circumstance, which is expressed by the gerund or participial turn, can be replaced by a subordinate clause or predicate, since it is approximated by value to a secondary predicate.
Wed: In autumn, after leaving the house, he felt a longing for his native land. - In the autumn he left the house and felt a longing for his native land.
1. Particles only included in the detachable structure and also stand out:
The light came on, just for an instant illuminating everything, and went out again.
That is, this is an example of the separation of the minor members of the sentence to which the particles belong.
2. If the verbal part is after a composing / subordinate union or a union word, then it must be separated from the union by a comma.
Wed: She opened the window and, leaning out into the air, began to watch the rising sun. - She opened the window and began to watch the rising sun, leaning out into the air.
3Union, the union word does not require separation with a comma with a gerodicle or a germline if the germline is inseparable from a union or ally word, that is, it cannot be removed without violating the structure of the sentence.
Wed: He loved to make unusual gifts, and congratulating a friend, he smiled in satisfaction (it is impossible: He loved to make unusual gifts, and congratulated a friend ...). But! The teacher did not announce the evaluation for the control, and, collecting diaries, put them there. - The teacher did not announce grades for the control, but put them in diaries.
Uniform germinal participles and germinal participations that are connected by single writing or dividing unions and, or, or, comma is not necessary to separate.
The linguist worked on the translation, reading the text and listening to his writing.
But in case the union connects not two outpartners, but other constructions, commas are put:
I took the letter and, having printed it out, began to read.
When is this part of speech not segregated?
1. The verbal part is represented by a phraseological unit:
He sat with folded arms.
But if the phraseological unit is an introductory word in a sentence, it is distinguished by commas.
2. In front of the verbal participle there is an amplifying particle and:
You can achieve success and not possessing wealth.
3. The participle is included in a subordinate clause and has a dependent union word. which the (the comma separates the main clause from the subordinate clause):
The state faces the most important issues without understanding which it will not be able to reach a new level in the economy.
4. The verbose turnover includes the subject (a comma separates the entire turnover from the predicate):
At the Vorona spruce perching, it was quite gathered breakfast.
5. The participle is a homogeneous member with a non-segregated circumstance and is associated with it by means of a union and:
He ran quickly and without looking around.
When else the separation of turns is not required?
Deprivate turnovers and solitary participle, which:
1. Having finally lost its verb meaning, moved to the category of adverbs:
We walked slowly. (It is impossible: We went and did not hurry).
2. Lost connection with the verb and moved to the category of official words: na, starting from, depending on:
Documents are based on the results of the study. However, in other contextual situations, momentum can sometimes be isolated.
1) turnover from beginning with it is isolated if it has a clarifying character and is not related to time:
She speaks many languages, starting in English and German.
2) turnover from based it is isolated if it is related in meaning to the one who performs the action:
We have compiled documents based on the results of your research.
3) turnover from looking at it is separated if it has a clarifying or connecting value:
I had to act carefully, depending on the circumstances.
Separation in case the circumstance is expressed by the noun
The circumstance of assignment expressed by the noun with the preposition despite / despite (easily replaced by subordinate clauses of the assignment with the ally although).
Wed: Despite the bad weather, the rest was a success. - Although the weather was bad, the rest was a success.
Special cases of isolation
In the following cases, circumstances may be separated by commas:
1. Reasons with prepositions thanks, in the absence of, owing to, by virtue and others. (easily replaced by a subordinate clause with the ally because).
Wed: Son, according to the opinion of his father, entered the law faculty. - Since the son was in agreement with the father’s opinion, he entered the law school.
2. Concessions with prepositions contrary to (easily replaced subordinate with the union although).
Wed: Contrary to the advice of his father, his son entered the medical faculty. - Although the father gave advice, the son entered the medical faculty.
3. Conditions with prepositional designs in the presence, in the absence, in the case et al. (easily replaced by subordinate with union if).
Wed: Employers, in the case of a decrease in profits, decided to cut headquarters. - If employers have reduced profits, they decided to cut headquarters.
4. Purpose and prepositional combination to avoid (easily replaced subordinate with the union that).
Wed: Payment, in order to avoid inconvenience, make a card. - To avoid inconvenience, make payment by card.
5. Comparisons with the ally word like.
Wed: Tanya graduated from school with excellent grades, like her older sister.
In general, the separation of turns with the above prepositions and prepositional constructions is variable.
What is isolation when acquiring meaning?
The circumstances that are expressed by nounswithout pretexts or with other pretexts, they are separated only if they acquire an additional semantic load, an explanatory meaning or a combination of several adverbial meanings.
Katya, after receiving a negative response from her, left the living room.
Here the circumstance combines two meanings (time and reason, that is, when did it leave? And why did it leave?)
Pay special attention to the fact that detachablecircumstances that are expressed by nouns should always be singled out intonationally. But the presence of a pause does not always indicate the presence of a comma. Thus, it is always necessary to single out the intonational circumstances located at the beginning of a sentence with isolations.
However, a comma after such a circumstance is not required.
Circumstance expressed adverb
If circumstances are pronounced adverbs (presencedependent words does not matter), they are isolated only when the author wants to pay more attention to them, when they have the meaning of the accompanying remark and so on:
A minute later, it is not known how, he got to the village.
In this proposal with the help of isolationStress and strangeness of the action is emphasized. However, such isolations in the Russian language are always author's, optional.
We hope that in the article we were able to reveal the answer to the question of what is isolation.
