Almost all living organisms are made up of cells.The characteristics of life and the level of organization of all representatives of nature depend on the structural features of these smallest structures. In our article we will look at how the bacterial cell differs from the plant cell and what are the principles of their work.
Plant cell composition
Surface plant data apparatusstructures represented by the cell wall, which is characterized by durability and rigidity due to the content of carbohydrate in it cellulose. In the internal environment (cytoplasm) are permanent cellular structures. They are called organoids. The largest of these is the vacuole. It is a cavity that is filled with water with dissolved nutrients. The composition of the plant cell is also represented by such structures as the nucleus, plastids, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes, the Golgi complex, lysosomes.
The similarity of bacterial and plant cells
In general, the structure of the plant andbacterial cells there are a number of similar features. What structures are common for such different organisms? First of all, it is the presence of the cell wall and membrane, genetic material, and cytoplasm. The structure of the plant and bacterial cells is also characterized by a number of common structures: ribosomes, centrioles, lysosomes. Both those and others have movement organelles. In unicellular green algae chlamydomonas and in coiled spirochetes, they are flagella.
Fabrics of plants
Bacteria are especially single-celled organisms.But the plant organisms in this regard are more diverse. They may consist of a single cell, like the green alga Chlorella, or form colonies, like a volvox. But the overwhelming majority of plants are formed by tissues. These structures are a collection of cells of the same structure and function. Their several types are combined into organs. Thus, the leaf of the plant is formed by the cells of the covering, conductive, mechanical and basic tissues.
Features of the structure of prokaryotic cells
And now let's see what is differentbacterial cell from plant. Let's start with the chemical composition of the surface apparatus. Cellulose is part of the plant cell wall, and murein or pectin is a bacterium. All of them are complex carbohydrates. According to the structure of the genetic material, bacteria are prokaryotes. This means that they do not have a decorated nucleus, like the cells of plants, animals or fungi. In the cell of the bacterium there is a single circular DNA molecule - the nucleoid. Such a structure provides the easiest way of reproduction - division in two.
Чем отличается бактериальная клетка от vegetable on the features of the internal content? She is more primitive. The mitochondria, EPS, the Golgi complex and all types of plastids are absent in bacterial cells. The latter type of organelles determine the type of nutrition of organisms. Plants are capable of photosynthesis, because in their cells are green plastids chloroplasts. On their inner surface there is a complex chemical transformation of inorganic substances into carbohydrate, glucose, which plants use as a source of energy, and oxygen. Most nutritional bacteria are heterotrophs. They are able to absorb only ready-made organic matter. Moreover, large macromolecules can not penetrate through their membrane. Therefore, bacteria absorb only pre-split organic matter dissolved in water and lipids. Chemotrophs are also found among them, which receive energy from the splitting of chemical bonds.
Vital activity of prokaryotes
This structure of the bacterial cell determines andfeatures of its life. The main way of reproduction of these organisms is division in two. Despite the fact that this method is one of the simplest, it is highly productive. Thus, one cage forms up to a million of these individuals in just ten hours. Bacteria are also capable of forming spores. Most often this occurs when adverse conditions occur. In this case, the mother cell is destroyed. But the dispute can be subjected to prolonged exposure to both low temperatures and boiling. This device has a protective meaning.
So, in the article we have disassembled, what is the differencebacterial cell from plant. First of all, this is the structure of the genetic apparatus. Bacteria do not have an established nucleus, and the genetic material is represented by a circular DNA molecule. The main differences also relate to the chemical composition of the cell wall, the method of feeding and the presence of many organelles.
