All matter is composed of elements.But why is everything around us so different? The answer is associated with tiny particles. They are called protons. Unlike electrons with a negative charge, these elementary particles have a positive charge. What are these particles and how do they work?
Protons are everywhere
Which elementary particle has a positivecharge? All that you can touch, see and feel, consists of atoms, the smallest building blocks that make up solids, liquids and gases. They are too small to be considered more closely, but they are things like your computer, the water you drink, and even the air you breathe. There are many types of atoms, including atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and iron. Each of these types is called elements.
All atoms are unique.
Atoms are very similar, however different amountsprotons makes them a unique element type. For example, oxygen atoms have 8 protons, hydrogen atoms have only 1, and gold atoms - 79. You can tell a lot about an atom by simply counting its protons. These elementary particles are in the core. Initially it was thought that they are a fundamental particle, but recent studies have shown that protons consist of smaller ingredients - quarks.
What is a proton?
Which elementary particle has a positivecharge? This is a proton. So called subatomic particle, which is in the nucleus of each atom. In fact, the number of protons in each atom is an atomic number. Until recently, it was considered a fundamental particle. However, new technologies have led to the discovery that the proton is composed of smaller particles, called quarks. Quark is a fundamental particle of matter that has only recently been discovered.
Elementary particle having a positivecharge is called a proton. These elements can be formed as a result of the appearance of unstable neutrons. After about 900 seconds, the neutron that has rebounded from the nucleus will decay into other elementary particles of the atom: a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino.
Subatomic particles: location and charge
Elements are characterized by their atomicstructure consisting of subatomic elementary particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. The first two groups are located in the nucleus (center) of the atom and have a mass of an atomic mass unit. Electrons are outside the nucleus, in zones that are called "shells." They weigh almost nothing. When calculating the atomic mass, attention is paid only to protons and neutrons. The mass of an atom is the sum of them.
Summing up the atomic mass of all atoms in a molecule,You can estimate the molecular weight, which is expressed in units of atomic mass (the so-called Daltons). Each of the heavy particles (neutron, proton) weighs one atomic mass, so the helium atom (He), which has two protons, two neutrons and two electrons, weighs about four units of atomic mass (two protons plus two neutrons). In addition to location and mass, each subatomic particle has a property called a “charge”. It can be "positive" or "negative."
Items with the same charge tend to reflecteach other, and objects with opposite charges tend to attract each other. Which elementary particle has a positive charge? This is a proton. Neutrons have no charge at all, which gives the nucleus a general positive charge. Each electron has a negative charge that is equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton. The electrons and protons of the nucleus attract each other, and this is the force that holds the atom together, like the force of gravity that keeps the moon in orbit around the earth.
Stable subatomic particle
Which elementary particle has a positive charge? The answer is well known: proton. In addition, it is equal in magnitude to the unit charge of the electron. However, its mass at rest is 1.67262 × 10-27 kg, which is 1836 times the mass of an electron.Protons together with electrically neutral particles, called neutrons, make up all the atomic nuclei, with the exception of hydrogen. Each nucleus of a given chemical element has the same number of protons. The atomic number of this element determines its position in the periodic table.
Discovery of proton
Elementary particle having a positivecharge is a proton, the discovery of which dates from the earliest studies of the atomic structure. When studying the fluxes of ionized gaseous atoms and molecules from which electrons were removed, a positive particle was determined, equal in mass to the hydrogen atom. Ernest Rutherford (1919) showed that nitrogen, when bombarded with alpha particles, releases what appears to be hydrogen. By 1920, he isolated an elementary particle from the nuclei of hydrogen, calling it a proton.
High-energy studies of particle physics inthe end of the twentieth century improved the structural understanding of the nature of the proton within the group of subatomic particles. It has been shown that protons and neutrons consist of smaller particles and are classified as baryons - particles consisting of three elementary units of matter, known as quarks.
Subatomic particle: to the great unified theory
The atom is a small part of matter, whichis a specific item. For some time it was believed that he was the smallest part of the matter that could exist. But at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, scientists discovered that atoms consist of certain subatomic particles and that no matter which element, the same subatomic particles make up an atom. The number of different subatomic particles is the only thing that is changing.
Scientists now recognize that there are many subatomicparticles. But in order to be successful in chemistry, you really need to deal with only three main ones: protons, neutrons and electrons. Matter can be electrically charged in one of two ways: positive or negative.
As an elementary particle, having a positivecharge, called? The answer is simple: a proton, it is he who carries one unit of positive charge. And due to the presence of negatively charged electrons, the atom itself is neutral. Sometimes some atoms can gain or lose electrons and get a charge. In this case, they are called ions.
Elementary Atomic Particles: An Ordered System
Atom has a systematic and orderlya structure that provides stability and is responsible for all sorts of properties of matter. The study of these subatomic particles began more than a hundred years ago, and by now we already know a lot about them. Scientists have found that most of the atom is empty and sparsely populated by "electrons". They are negatively charged light particles that rotate around the central heavy part, which is 99.99% of the total mass of the atom. It was easier to figure out the nature of electrons, but after many brilliant studies it became known that the nucleus includes positive protons and neutral neutrons.
Every unit in the universe consists of atoms
The key to understanding most of the properties of matteris that each unit in our Universe consists of atoms. There are 92 natural types of atoms, and they form molecules, compounds, and other types of substances to create the complex world around us. Although the name "atom" was derived from the Greek word átomos, which means "indivisible," modern physics has shown that it is not the final building block of matter and is really "divided" into subatomic particles. They are the real fundamental entities that make up the whole world.
