Sound analysis of words in Russian: scheme

Back in early childhood, when a child is just learningread, he faces a problem when words are pronounced differently than they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out a sound analysis with him. Why it is studied throughout the school curriculum, consider in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two large types:oral and written. The first, of course, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information with the help of gestures and simple sounds. Then it gradually grew into words that formed one or another language. But soon there was a need to fix everything that is pronounced. So there was a written speech.

In this article we will talk about the featuresoral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. She deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study and included in the sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our speakingis the presence of vowels. They are so named, based on their main function - to transmit a long sound by voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, S, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters is not alwaysmatches the number of sounds. For example, in the word “south” there are 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: “yuk”. The alphanumeric analysis of the word should show that oral speech is different from the way we write.

Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that the word is divided into how many parts:

• stick - there are 2 syllables, since there are two vowels in it;
• som - 1 syllable, since the vowel is one.

In addition, you must know the characteristics of such letters as e, e, u, i. They, unlike all others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with X:

• E (st + o);
• E (d + e);
• U (y + y);
• I (th + a).

This phenomenon is observed in cases where the listed sounds are used:

• after soft or hard marks (pouring);
• after the vowel (big wolf);
• at the beginning of a word (Yula, Yel).

Very often, performing a sound analysis of the word (the scheme is given below), children make mistakes precisely in the analysis of these vowels.

All the other characteristics that vowels possess are fairly simple. Especially those that are studied by the school program. Consider only two signs: shock or shockless.

Consonants

Before you perform a sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. They are much more than vowels. Russian language has thirty seven.

Consonants have different characteristics:

• Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m - solid). Others, on the contrary: measure (m - soft).
• Sonorous or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can attach the palm to the larynx and feel it. If the vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
• Pairing Some consonants have their opposite. Usually for voicing deafness. For example: at (star) - f (deaf), z (star) - from (deaf).
• Some consonants are pronounced as if "in the nose." They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.

How to perform

Now you can create and the algorithm for which the sound analysis of the word. The scheme is simple:

1. To begin with, we divide the word into syllables.
2. Next, paint the letters of which it consists in a column.
3. Now for each select the appropriate sound.
4. We characterize each of them, according to the characteristics described above.
5. Count the number of sounds and letters.
6. If their numbers do not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

Let's give an example. Take the word "ceiling":

1. There are three syllables in this word: ceiling (3 vowels, therefore, the corresponding number of syllables).
2. The letter P has a sound

   . He is willing, pronounced without vibration in the larynx, and therefore deaf. It is also solid and has a pair of .

3. The letter O has a sound. He is a vowel and has no stress.
4. The letter T has the sound . He is consonant, pronounced as deaf. He is not subject to mitigation, and therefore solid. In addition, it has a pair of voices .
5. The letter O has a sound. He is a vowel and unstressed.
6. The letter L denotes the sound . He is willing, does not have mitigation - firm. Pronounced with vibration in the larynx - sonorous. This sound does not have a pair.
7. The letter O has the sound . It is vowel and, in this case, percussion.
8. The letter K stands for sound <К>. Consonant, pronounced as deaf, has a pair of voices , solid.
9. To summarize: in this word there are 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number matches, no linguistic phenomena are observed.

Sound analysis of words for preschoolers is much simpler.

Children need to learn that the pronunciation of the word andhis writing is very often different. When learning to read and write, children get the first ideas about the difference between oral and written speech. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, do not have sounds at all. And there are no words in the letter Y in Russian.

Alphanumeric analysis of the word "blizzard"

We already know how diverse the Russian language is.The sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. It is only necessary to correctly characterize each sound. But there are those in which a problem situation arises. For example, the word "blizzard". Perform his phonetic analysis:

1. Snowstorm - two vowels means 2 syllables (snowstorm).
2. The letter B has the sound <В ’>. He is a consonant, relents thanks to "ь", the pair - deaf , sonorous.
3. The letter b has no sound. Her goal is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
4. The letter Y has two sounds <>> and <>>, becausestands after b. It is necessary to characterize both. So is a consonant that is always soft and sonorous, it does not have a pair. is a vowel, has stress.
5. The letter G - is consonant, denotes a solid sound. It has a deaf pair and is ringing.
6. The letter <А> has the same sound <А>. He is a vowel and unstressed.
7. Let's summarize the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. Observe a phenomenon called “iota vowel”. In this case, under the influence of L, the letter U has split into two sounds.

Conclusion

Звуковой анализ при знании всех характеристик it is not difficult to perform. It is necessary to utter a word out loud. This will help to correctly record all sounds. After to conduct their characteristics and summarize the phonetic analysis. And then success in this matter is assured!