Since 1709 he began to collect his collectionsnaval museum in St. Petersburg. It was then that Peter I ordered the founding of a Model Camera. This phrase has Dutch roots: model-kammer - model room. Thus, ship models and drawings found their permanent home in a kind of pantry for samples. The reserve was regularly replenished with exhibits on the basis of the adopted legislative acts.
The year 1722 was marked by the publication of "Regulationsabout the management of the shipyard and the Admiralty. "It says that the master who starts building the ship needs to make one half-model on the board, and the other along with the drawing to hand over to the Admiralty College." There are about eighty such models of the 18th century to this day.
Forced development of shipbuilding businessled to the fact that instead of ready-made models, theoretical drawings were provided. The practical importance of the collected collection is reduced to zero, and in 1805 the Model Camera was transformed into the "Marine Museum". In 1908 he received the name of Peter the Great, the current naval museum. Petersburg, the same year 1908: the museum celebrates its 200th anniversary. The exhibition space is considerably expanded and reconstructed. In 1924, the Naval Museum was renamed the Central Museum. This name is still preserved. And nowadays the Naval Museum in St. Petersburg has the same title. Under it, he is known practically throughout the world.
During the existence of the city 2 times - in 1720 and in1991 (after the collapse of the USSR) was called St. Petersburg. The naval museum does not change its name and now, only its propiska changes: in 2011, it is transferred to the building of the former Kryukov (Sea) barracks. It is an object of marine heritage and one of the oldest sights of Russia. The Naval Museum (SPB) is also the largest repository of items related to the history of the world fleet.
Exposition of the central hall
The history of the Russian fleet, from origin to the October Revolution of 1917, is represented in the central hall. It is the largest of all halls that the Naval Museum has in St. Petersburg.
Here is the little boat of Peter I, models of sailboatsand armadillos 18-20 centuries. Among the rarities in the hall, you can name the ancient city and the submarine. It is in the history of the construction of submarines - the first one equipped with an electric motor. Also, a significant place was allocated for items and materials that clearly show the participation of the Russian fleet in the events that took place in 1917, as well as in the First World War.
Materials of the fleet during the Civil War
The period represented by this exposurecovers the years 1918-1922. Everything here speaks of the heroic feat of naval sailors during the Civil War and how foreign intervention was reflected. Here are military relics and ship models. Namely: a torpedo tube from the Panther submarine, which the British destroyer sank in 1919, and a 75-mm gun from the Admiral Zavoyko (Red Pennant) vessel. Among the models you can see a detailed miniature copy of the submarine Mackrel, the layout of the destroyer Gabriel and others.
Halls of the Navy of the USSR 1922-1941
Exploring the materials of the hall of this period, you canlearn how the fleet developed in the period after the end of the Civil War. Special attention should be paid to the model of the first cruiser in the Soviet shipbuilding named Kirov. On some stands of this hall one can see the history of the fleet restoration captured in photographs by the forces of ship repairmen and divers. A significant part of the exhibition tells about the events of 1939-1940, which took place during the Finnish war. The exhibition presents personal belongings of participants in the events of those years and original documents.
Halls of the fleet of the period of the Second World War
From the exposition telling about the initial periodThe Great Patriotic War, you can learn interesting facts about the defense of Moscow and Leningrad, as well as the heroic participation of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the battles of 1941-1942. Also the exhibits of the hall inform visitors about the liberation from Leningrad of the blockade, including by naval artillery. It tells how the Crimea, Northern Norway and the Soviet Arctic were liberated. In the halls of the fleet of the Second World War, you can see some of the models of military aircraft and ships, samples of military equipment.
1945 Victory Hall
Naval Museum in St. Petersburg gatheredunder their arches unique exhibits in the Victory Hall. There are numerous domestic flags and banners, trophy weapons and awards. The ships of the Amur Flotilla and the Pacific Fleet participated in the defeat of imperialist Japan. In its windows, the Naval Museum in St. Petersburg placed models of ships of these military formations as evidence of the direct characters of the events of those years. Particular attention is paid to the feat, which made the crew of the submarine C-13, which sank the German ten-deck cruise ship "Wilhelm Gustloff". In studies of naval historians, the sinking of a vessel of this size is rightly referred to as one of the largest catastrophes.
Museum Heritage of St. Petersburg
The first public museums of Russia opened inSt. Petersburg. The foundation was laid by the Kunstkamera, founded in 1714 by Peter the Great as the "room of miracles". Already after 4 years, a collection of curiosities grew to such an extent that the Kunstkamera moved into the building built for it and was open to the general public. In St. Petersburg there is one of the largest cultural, historical and art museums in the world - the Hermitage, whose collection consists of more than three million units of monuments of world culture and works of art from the Stone Age to this century.
Today, St. Petersburg hasmore than 200 museums and branches included in them. The museums of St. Petersburg include military history, literary, art, palace and park reserves, historical, ethnographic and archaeological, and many other thematic exhibition facilities. All of them are visited annually by tens of thousands of tourists. There are a lot of foreign visitors: after all, St. Petersburg is the “window to Europe” that Peter I “hacked” through. It was from this city that the Russian Empire began to actively develop as a world power.
