Russian religious philosophy is a special layerOrthodox thought and spiritual culture of Russia XIX - XX centuries, for which free philosophizing on religious themes is characteristic. A key role in the formation of this trend was played by the development of VS Soloviev's ideas. He, in turn, developed the ideas of sophiology and founded a philosophical trend, like the metaphysics of total-unity. VS Soloviev spoke about the special contribution that Russia must make for the development of civilization.
P. A.Florensky was one of the most interesting thinkers, whose name is associated with religious philosophy in Russia. In many ways, his views were at variance with Soloviev's views. He developed his own doctrine of Sophia (by which he understood the "ideal personality of the world") on the basis of Orthodox thought. The philosopher sought to combine scientific and religious ideas, thereby emphasizing the "duality" of truth.
The philosophy of unity was continued by SN Bulgakov.Moving from Marxism to idealism, he developed the concept of "Christian socialism." He continued to develop the doctrine of Sophia as "the principle of creative energies in Oneness", distinguishing between its divine and terrestrial essences, as a result of which he spoke of the duality of the world. History is the overcoming of evil, which is connected with the possibility of a world-historical catastrophe.
The Russian idea in philosophy was most clearly manifested inthe main original philosophical current in Russia - the philosophy of unity. Her ideas were developed by L. P. Karsavin, in whose works they turned into a philosophy of personality. By the appointment of man, he considered aspiration to God and communion with the Divine being, by which was meant "litsukvorenie" (becoming a true personality).
Religious philosophy includes the traditionRussian cosmism. This is a special worldview, the signs of which are the evolutionary understanding of the cosmos (the decisive role in it is played by the creative activity of people and science), the consideration of man and the world (cosmos) in indissoluble connection, recognition of the necessity of unity ("sobornost") of all mankind. The direction had two independent branches: religious and philosophical (VS Soloviev, NF Fedorov, NA Berdyaev) and natural science (KE Tsiolkovsky, NA Umov, AL Chizhevsky, V I. Vernadsky). A special place in space belongs to the idea of overcoming human death through love.
A bright representative of cosmism - NFFedorov, who developed in his works an original religious utopia, in which he said that "mankind is the instrument of God in the salvation of the world", which is in the center of chaos and enmity that lead to destruction. The task of mankind is the salvation of the world through the scientific management of nature.
The natural science branch includes the teaching of K.E.Tsiolkovsky. He viewed the cosmos as a spiritual, living organism. The world and man are in the process of progressive development, the instrument of which is the human mind.
Outstanding scientist V.I.Vernadsky is another representative of this branch of the religious philosophy of Russia. He considers the phenomenon of life in connection with different planetary spheres. VI Vernadsky developed the theory of the biosphere (the totality of all living things), introduced the concept of living matter (the "universality" of life). He also made a conclusion about the birth of the noosphere, by which he understood the nature governed on the basis of science.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, religious philosophy was experiencingideological turn. There is a religious and philosophical revival. Many major philosophers turn to religious search, and whole religious-philosophical societies arise.
The symbol of this era was NA.Berdyaev - one of the most outstanding representatives of the "silver age" period. He is known as an existentialist and religious personalist. The center of his teaching is a man whom he regarded as a god-like creature. The main themes of his philosophy were freedom (the basis of being), creativity (means of improvement) and personality (the basis of all). Subjectivism and individualism of man are overcome with the help of love in the Divine beginning.
