Wild plants: name and meaning

In the school curriculum, in the lessons ofthe surrounding world, natural history, biology is provided for the study of wildlife. As part of familiarizing themselves with the life of the flora, children learn what cultural and wild plants are. The name of the groups becomes clear after the children are informed about the conditions for the growth of the species. The deepening and expansion of the concept is due to the familiarization with the way the plants used by a person belong to a particular group.

Cultivated and wild plants. Titles

The 2nd form of the general education school is the onethe period when children begin to receive systematic knowledge about objects of animate and inanimate nature. An earlier study of the subject is propaedeutical. But in the second class, for example, such concepts as cultural and wild plants are introduced.

The name of the groups becomes clear to the children afterExercise, where it is proposed to compare pairs of plants. For example, spruce and apple tree, birch and plum, gooseberries and junipers, tomatoes and coltsfoot, peas and chicory. The teacher suggests that children pay attention to where the species are grown, what conditions are necessary for them, and who cares for them.

After the work done, children easily come tothe conclusion that all plants are divided into two large groups. Those people care for are called cultural. Wild plants are named after they grow everywhere. For their development, maturation, fruiting, human intervention is not required.

The main differences between wild plants and

For plant growth and development,certain conditions. Cultural conditions are created by man. He is looking for a favorable place for planting plants, produces them for fertilizing, removes weeds, harvests, protects against pests and diseases.

Wild plants, whose name can be found in numerous reference books, do not need to create special conditions. They adapt themselves to life in the wild.

Grounds for classification

Wild plants, names and photos of whichso familiar to us, appeared on Earth much earlier than cultural species. In other words, initially the planet was inhabited only by wild plants. It was they who gave the ancient man food, shelter, clothing, tools.

While engaged in gathering, people accumulated experience,thanks to which they evaluated the positive properties of roots, leaves, stems, fruits of some plants. Gradually, people learned the most useful for themselves species to grow next to their own homes and use the results of their work for a longer period of time than it was when collecting. Thus, cultivated varieties of plants began to appear, as a result of their care, their taste and other qualities improved.

Wild plants, whose namescommonly known, are divided into groups. Scientists distinguish among them grass, trees, shrubs. For example, you can easily determine which group includes nettle, chamomile, birch, hazel, rye, cornflower. It should be noted that cultural groups are also divided into similar groups.

Natural zones and plant propagation

Species diversity, which represents wild plants, names and their significance in economic activities are directly related to the area of ​​the Earth where they grow.

Abundance of food and medicinal wild speciesplants is noted in tropical and subtropical humid climates. In the zone of the tundra and forest-tundra, the species diversity of plants is more scarce, but here large reserves of mosses, lichens, used in various branches of the national economy can be concentrated. Herbaceous and shrubby plants that produce a good harvest of berries are also not uncommon for the harsh northern regions.

Wild plants: value for humans

Wild plants, examples, whose namesare given in school textbooks and additional reference books, they contain in their composition a lot of substances useful for the human body. Today, this group is being studied for protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, vegetable oils.

A man has long sought ways to usewild plants for food. Since ancient times, the collection of berries of strawberries, blueberries, blueberries, cranberries and many others is common. Fruits, leaves, stems are used in fresh as well as in processed form.

Healing properties

Among the medicinal raw materials a special place is occupied bywild plants. The names and meanings of medicines made from herbs, parts of trees and shrubs grown in the wild have recently been actively developed and studied, and their list has expanded considerably. A wide experience of using wild plants as medicines is available from folk healers.

However, the number of fully studied andused by humans in the medicinal products of representatives of the flora is only 4% of the total number of species that are wild plants. The names of new species regularly supplement this list.

It should be noted that more than half of the raw materials intended for pharmaceutical production are supplied by collection of medicinal plants in nature. Only a small part of them is cultivated.

Rules for collecting raw materials

When collecting medicinal and food wild-growingplants, it is necessary to follow the rules, thanks to which you can exclude the facts of poisoning or other negative effects on the body. It is allowed to harvest only well-known plant species. Those of them that cause doubt in appearance, rules of use, collection are not subject. The aerial parts of plants are usually collected before flowering. At this time, shoots and leaves are more tender, do not contain dangerous compounds. Collection of plants is recommended to be made in clear weather in the afternoon, when moistening with dew is excluded.

It is forbidden to collect plants along roads, near landfills, gutters or industrial facilities. On their parts are collected combustion products, dust containing substances hazardous to human health.

The collected raw materials should not be stacked tootightly. This can lead to spoilage of plants. It usually manifests itself in the darkening of their parts. Prickly and burning plants, such as nettles, bodyguards, it is better to collect in gloves. And the stiffer stems of other are more convenient to cut off with a knife.

Parts of plants that show visible damage, such as growths, rust, rot, are not recommended. They can contain substances harmful to human health.