Specialty journalism, like othersprofession has its own characteristics. Here the specialist is faced with the problem of finding the topic and its design in the text version. In order to correctly reflect the reality and present your own thoughts, the journalist first of all needs perfect knowledge of the language and its modern norms, then possessing literary talent, which allows you to “feel” words and intuitively distinguish their semantic features (and thus harmoniously embed them into the text), and Finally, knowledge of the fundamentals of textology, which will give an understanding of genres.
In this article we will look at the main genres.journalism, which are typical for periodicals. However, this does not mean that they are irrelevant for television or radio journalism, because they are characterized by a common semantic basis and structure of the text, and the main difference is only in their application: some will be printed in publications, while others will be announced by announcers or presenters.
Information genres of journalism
Let's start with a description of the most commonToday’s media genres are informational. Modern conditions dictate an accelerated pace of life: per unit of time, there is a mass of events that the public should know about, and it is this genre structure that can meet these requirements: turning on the TV, opening a newspaper or switching FM stations, we will definitely meet a summary of short messages that meet to the main questions: "What?" "Who?" "Where?" "When?" "How?".
This group of genres is common in electronicMedia and periodicals. It prevails where daily publication or broadcasting is required, therefore journals, which appear with rare periodicity, are not so saturated with informational texts.
Key representatives:
- the note;
- informational interview;
- information correspondence;
- reportage;
- information report;
- blitz survey.
The most common among them can be called a report, a note and correspondence.
Characteristic features for this group of genres:
- small volume;
- accuracy in expressions, lack of visual tools;
- the absence of the author's assessment of the lit event / phenomenon;
- factual description and content.
Analytical genres of journalism
This group of genres is represented by a varietyspecies. They are currently not so common for periodicals and television, and for radio these are completely atypical genres. Nevertheless, there are specialized magazines and television programs devoted to the analytics of contemporary phenomena.
The main representatives of the genre:
- analytical report;
- analytical interview;
- analytical correspondence;
- conversation;
- monitoring;
- a comment;
- article;
- review;
- review;
- journalistic investigation.
Such materials are among the mostcommon On television, they are allocated, in most cases, the evening, and in the periodicals there are whole headings. In fact, they are very valuable for journalism as a social phenomenon, because they provide an opportunity for the author to express his own opinion and open a new view of ordinary things to the world.
Characteristic features of this group of genres:
- the presence of the author's assessment;
- large amount of material;
- analytics;
- display of internal connections between events, phenomena and persons;
- prognostic assumptions.
Artistic and journalistic genres of journalism
This group of genres makes journalism as relevant as possible.and literature. Mastering them testifies to the high level of skill of a journalist who is able not only to “get” information and analyze it, but also to submit it in artistic form. These genres of journalism require a rich vocabulary, and most importantly - literary talent. Currently, they are not as common in periodicals, on television and radio as they used to be, but they are still found in specialized programs and publications (mainly magazines). It is believed that today in the periodicals of this journalism does not exist, but we will not take a pessimistic point of view.
Key representatives:
- feature article;
- feuilleton;
- pamphlet;
- legend;
- joke.
So, the most prominent representative of the genre is an essay, the features of which suggest the possibility of maximum disclosure of the literary talent of a journalist.
Genre characteristics:
- literature;
- artistry (the presence of graphic means in the text);
- emotional saturation;
- deep understanding of reality (author).
The ease of mastering these genres of journalism depends more on the author’s literary talent than his professional skills and perfect language skills.
