Ecology is a science that studiesinteraction of living organisms with elements of inanimate nature. Recently, it began to develop at a rapid pace. This is due to environmental problems everywhere. Therefore, humanity took up the study of the interaction of organisms with each other and the anthropogenic impact on the environment.
Evolution that occurs in nature andscientific and technical progress, as a result of human activities, have a significant impact on the environment. Under their influence large changes occur in animate and inanimate nature. But at the same time, there are some factors that have a constant impact on the environment.
All inanimate and wildlife, animal andThe plant world is a habitat. Its individual components that affect living organisms are environmental factors. They are divided into anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic. Anthropogenic factors - the impact on living organisms, which occurs as a result of human activity. Biotic factors are a consequence of the influence of living organisms on each other. Abiotic factors are the effects of inanimate nature on representatives of wildlife. It can be said that every living organism is influenced by all these factors, which to one degree or another have an effect on it.
Если экологические факторы и их действие не deviate from the norm, the conditions for the development of organisms will be favorable. But when one of the factors begins to have more or less influence, it becomes decisive. The detrimental effect on a living organism can produce both an excess of a factor and its reduction. For example, a crop may die due to heavy rains. There is such a thing as an optimum zone. These are conditions under which environmental factors affect the body within the normal range necessary for its full development.
Abiotic factors include, firstall, climatic conditions. The main indicators of this factor are humidity and precipitation. These data, to some extent, depend on the direction and strength of the wind. It is moisture that is the most important factor for the full development of a living organism.
Light became another important abiotic factor. Here we study the parameters of intensity, wavelength and time of exposure.
Soil and its composition is another important abiotic factor. It is from it that many living organisms take the main nutrients necessary for life.
The biotic factors include the number ofand the population of species of living organisms, as well as their diversity. This is what determines the interaction of living organisms and the influence that they have on each other. As a result of this communication, they form stable food chains. Such interaction forms the rules of the ecological pyramid.
The ecological pyramid is a schemeenergy loss in food chains. All participants in the food chain extract energy in the order in which they are located in it. The initial source of energy is the sun. The next level of the pyramid became plants that consume solar energy. This is followed by animal-eating organisms, and then predators. With each level of the pyramid, the amount of energy consumed for their own needs increases, but productivity decreases. In this regard, each subsequent level is less than the previous one.
In this regard, the rules of the ecological pyramid - abundance, biomass and productivity - show relationships in the system that are based on energy absorption.
Environmental factors affectingthe state of living organisms are an important condition for maintaining balance in nature. But only the anthropogenic factor can be changed and improved by man. It is he who today has the greatest impact on the environment as a whole. A person cannot change environmental factors, but makes his influence less noticeable to him.
