Water is the most valuable natural resource.Her role is to participate in the process of metabolism of all substances that are the basis of any life form. It is impossible to imagine the activities of industrial and agricultural enterprises without the use of water, it is indispensable in the everyday life of a person. Water is necessary for all: people, animals, plants. For some, it is a habitat.
The rapid development of human life, the negligent use of resources led to the fact thatenvironmental problems (water pollution isincluding) have become too sharp. Their solution is in the first place with humanity. Scientists, environmentalists around the world are sounding the alarm and trying to find a solution to the global problem of fresh water shortages.
Water pollution sources
The causes of pollution are many, and the human factor is not always to blame. Natural disasters also cause harm to clean waters, upset the ecological balance.
The most common sources of water pollution are:
Industrial, domestic wastewater. Those who have not gone through the cleaning system of chemical harmful substances, they, getting into the pond, provoke an environmental disaster.
Acid rain. This is a common phenomenon, although it is rarely spoken of. All industrial waste gases, car exhausts, once in the atmosphere, return to the ground and water bodies with rain.
Solid waste, garbage. They do not just pollute the rivers, but even change the course of the current, making it difficult. Lakes and rivers may flood.
Organic pollution. Their natural decomposition (death of plants, animals).
Man-made disasters. Industrial accidents.
Thermal, radiation pollution.
Gathering avalanches.
Impact of water pollution on living organisms
Regardless of the reasons, water pollution bringssignificant harm. When a pollutant enters a living organism, a protective reaction is triggered. Certain toxins are neutralized by immunity, but in many cases it does not cope. Requires treatment and adoption of drastic measures. Depending on the sources of pollution, scientists determine the following indicators of poisoning:
Genotoxicity. Exposure to heavy metals and other dangerous trace elements can alter or damage the structure of DNA. In the development of the body there are serious problems, various diseases develop.
Carcinogenicity. Cancer problems are often related to the quality of the water we consume. The danger lies in the possibility of cell transformation into cancer.
Neurotoxicity. Chemical elements are able to affect the nervousthe system. Pollution of the waters of the oceans with heavy metals leads to unforeseen cases. Everyone heard about the release of whales from the water. Animal behavior becomes inadequate. In some cases, they even begin to devour those who used to coexist peacefully with them.
Disturbed energy exchange. Contaminants, acting on mitochondria, lead to the fact that the energy in the body simply ceases to be produced. The body ceases to act, and even death occurs.
Reproductive failure. If the pollution of the reservoir death of livingorganisms are not always likely, then the violation of reproductive abilities occurs in 100% of cases. It so happens that in order to fix a genetic problem, it is necessary to artificially update the aquatic environment.
Diseases caused by dirty water
Environmental problems, water pollution leadto the spread of the most serious diseases. It is with this fluid that various pathogens and pathogens that take hundreds of thousands of lives can enter the body. The most common diseases that dirty water brings are:
cholera;
typhoid fever;
giardiasis;
enterovirus;
amebiasis;
schistosomiasis;
mental abnormalities;
gastritis;
congenital deformities;
burns of mucous membranes;
oncology;
reproductive disorders.
Regardless of the cause of water pollution, prevention will be the use of filtered, bottled water. Some put silver objects in water, they have a certain disinfecting effect.
Water control
Realizing that environmental problems and pollutionin particular, water poses a threat to humanity; at the state and international level, requirements are created for the behavior of people and the activities of enterprises. Developed regulations for monitoring the operation of cleaning systems:
Primary or mechanical. The main task is not to miss largeitems. On the drains are installed retention grids, filters. Their timely cleaning is required, otherwise clogged lattices can provoke an accident.
Specialized. A particular type of pollutant is captured. There are, for example, traps for oil spills, fats, flakes, they are precipitated with the use of coagulants.
Chemical. Such a system implies that wastewater will be used in a closed (repeated) cycle. At the outlet, substances are used that return it to its original form. This is technical water.
Tertiary cleaning. Water is treated with special powders.formulations, multi-stage filtered, killing harmful organisms and destroying other substances. It is used for domestic needs of citizens, as well as in the food industry, in agriculture.
Ecological problems - radioactive contamination of water
The main sources that pollute the oceans include the following radioactive factors:
nuclear testing;
radioactive waste discharges;
major accidents (ships with nuclear reactors, Chernobyl NPP);
burial at the bottom of the oceans, seas of radioactive waste.
Ecological problems and water pollutionThese are directly related to contamination by radioactive waste. For example, French and British nuclear plants have infected almost the entire North Atlantic. Our country has become the culprit of pollution of the Arctic Ocean. Three nuclear underground reactors, as well as the production of Krasnoyarsk-26 littered the largest Yenisei River. It is obvious that radioactive products fell into the ocean.
Radionuclide pollution of world waters
There is an acute problem of pollution of the Worldthe ocean. Let us briefly list the most dangerous radionuclides falling into it: cesium-137; cerium-144; strontium-90; niobium-95; yttrium-91. All of them have a high bioaccumulative ability, go through food chains and are concentrated in marine organisms. This creates a danger to both humans and aquatic organisms.
Areas of the Arctic seas are exposed to strongpollution of various sources of radionuclides. People carelessly dump hazardous waste into the ocean, thereby turning it into dead. Man probably forgot that the ocean is the main wealth of the earth. It possesses powerful biological and mineral resources. And if we want to survive, it is necessary to urgently take steps to save him.
Solutions
Rational water consumption, protection frompollution - the main tasks of mankind. Ways to solve environmental problems of water pollution lead to the fact that first of all, great attention should be paid to the discharge of hazardous substances into rivers. On an industrial scale, it is necessary to improve the technology of wastewater treatment. In Russia, it is necessary to introduce a law that would increase the charging for discharges. The proceeds should be directed to the development and construction of new environmental technologies. For the lowest emissions, the charge needs to be reduced, this will serve as a motivation for maintaining a healthy environmental situation.
Большую роль в решении экологических проблем plays education of the younger generation. From an early age, children must be taught to respect, love of nature. To instill in them that the Earth is our big house, in which every person is responsible. Water must be protected, do not pour it thoughtlessly, try to prevent foreign objects and harmful substances from entering the sewage system.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to say that environmental problems of Russia and water pollution excite, perhaps, everyone. Thoughtless waste of water resources, cluttering up rivers with various debris led to the fact that there are very few clean, safe corners in nature. Environmentalists have become much more vigilant, acceptedmultiple measures to restore order in the environment. If each of us thinks about the consequences of our barbaric, consumer attitude, the situation can be corrected. Only together mankind will be able to save the reservoirs, the oceans and, perhaps, the life of future generations.
