It should be noted that adverseclimate phenomena are always in the spotlight. And this, perhaps, is not surprising, because we all, sometimes even unaware of it, are under their influence. Although, of course, much also depends on the place of residence of each concrete person. For example, droughts and strong winds are quite rare in the middle zone of our state, but floods and floods are characteristic of the Far East.
Agree, although adverse climaticevents in Russia happen much less often than, say, in the United States or, for example, in the Balkan countries, our plans for the day can still be ruined by heavy rains, heavy snowfalls or terrible heat. And these are just a few of all possible options.
This article aims to ensure thatDeeper to acquaint the reader with such an important topic as adverse climatic phenomena. All the necessary theoretical information will be presented in six sections, and the global nature of the problem will be revealed on the basis of the most characteristic examples.
Natural conditions. general information
Under the natural conditions commonly understoodgeological features, fragments of the relief, landscape zonality and climate of a single area. In principle, all of them are not directly involved in production, but nonetheless largely predetermine the organization of both life and economic activity of the population.
Of course, they have the strongest influence on agriculture, since its effectiveness and specialization directly depend on the water regime of the territory, its climate and the degree of soil fertility.
People’s lives also come under the influence of natural conditions, i.e. Of course, the need for one or another kind of housing, diet and clothing of a person depends on them.
Taking into account all the aboveinformation, we can conclude that this kind of conditions mainly determine both social and economic feasibility of the construction of certain settlements, transport routes and industrial enterprises. In addition, with confidence it can be argued that adverse climatic events determine the development of mineral resources.
Human dependence on climate
In general, the climatic conditions of our stateeven with all their severity, they are not some kind of insurmountable obstacle both for conducting successful economic activities and directly for living. It should be noted that a significant part of the population of Russia still lives in regions with a continental and temperate continental climate.
What is the severity of the climate? According to scientists, in the first place it consists in strong frosts and winds, as well as in long nights during the cold season.
Кстати, не стоит забывать еще и о наступлении a long polar night in the north and northeast of the state. Note that in this area the climate is considered to be quite severe, however, people still continue to actively explore these regions.
Today the government is doing everythingpossible to increase the population density in regions characterized by unfavorable climatic phenomena in Russia, which is why labor is paid much higher here than the national average.
Russian climate
Russia is actually a huge countrylocated in several zones at once, therefore its climate is rather heterogeneous, and it’s unlikely to tell about it using just a few sentences.
For clarity, was drawn up a specialthe table “Adverse Climate Events”, showing what exactly a person should fear in one or another corner of our vast country.
We tried to touch every climate zone of the state.
Name of the climate zone | Adverse climate events in Russia | Where are found especially often |
Moderate | Low temperature in winter, heavy rainfall and snow, drought, flooding | Most of the country |
Arctic and subarctic | Heavy snowfall, low temperatures | Islands belonging to the Arctic Ocean and the mainland areas located in the Far North |
Subtropical | High temperatures, drought, dry winds, strong winds | Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus |
Droughts and dry winds in Russia
These phenomena of nature are not without reason referred to the categorymost dangerous in our country. The fact is that, as a rule, they cause significant damage to gardening and fruit growing, and this applies to both private farms and the scale of the entire state.
In most cases, drought occurs suddenly, and it is almost impossible to prepare for it in advance.
На территории России она может возникнуть в любое season, except perhaps winter. The most disastrous is the season without rain in the spring, immediately after the snow melts, in the hot summer or in the winter before the first frost.
Long period of rain and low humidityfraught with strong drying out of the soil, small lakes and even shallow rivers. Most often, drought, repeated two or even three years in a row, causes enormous damage to the agriculture of the region.
Hail and heavy rain
If we talk about adverse climatic events in Omsk, in Moscow, or, say, in Saratov, one cannot but mention such especially summer ones as rain and hail.
By the way, according to meteorologists, the mosthail, which falls during a thunderstorm from 12 to 17 hours, is considered detrimental to central Russia. In general, the center of the non-chernozem zone belongs to the band considered the most exposed to this type of precipitation. For example, in the Moscow region during the year, on average, hail can fall from 2 to 4 times.
The size of the hail is directly proportional to the quantitydamage caused. As a rule, such an ice pea has no more than 3-5 mm in diameter, but larger specimens of up to 10 cm are also found. The weight of an individual ice piece is of the order of a few grams, but there are some examples and weights of up to 0.5 kg.
Прежде всего, град очень опасен для fruit plants: it knocks down blooming flowers, fresh young leaves and fruits, and sometimes even irreparably cracks stalks of raspberries, currants, blackberries and other shrubs.
Generally, hail is considered the most dangerousfalling out during flowering plants. This can partially or completely destroy the crop. As a result, the trees in the gardens are completely bare - not only without fruits, but also almost completely without foliage. It seems that in one moment you are transported from spring to late autumn, when the ground under your feet is almost completely covered with berries and fruits.
By the way, it should be noted that caused by hailDamage to trees (both on trunks and branches) is very difficult to heal. Such plants are then easily damaged by various kinds of pests and diseases.
Projections for the future
There is a rather strong belief that ifany adverse climatic events and expect the Earth in the near future, so this is a significant increase in average annual air temperature and global warming.
Российские ученые решили проверить эту regularity on the basis of our country and came to an amazing conclusion. It turns out that there is a strange pattern: Russians are more likely to suffer from cold weather, blizzard, penetrating winds and frosts, than from exhausting heat. Apparently, the whole thing in the northern location of the state.
For example, in 2013 there were 23 particularlyfrosty days, 37 frosts and 35 cases of the strongest blizzards. But to all of this, both the Russians themselves and all the necessary equipment were fully prepared, so the collapse did not occur in either the social or transport spheres.
А вот жарких дней было всего 12, да и то mainly in the southern part of the state. Strong rainfall annoyed the Russians 95 times, dangerous storm winds - 75. It should be noted that this kind of trend has been observed for several years now.
By the way, note that strong snowstorms and prolongedsnowfall in most cases is accompanied by higher temperatures than normal clear weather. But the wind, in turn, can increase the feeling of cold. That is why the blizzard may well be perceived as a particularly cold phenomenon. An example is Chukotka. Here the locals consider the blizzard one of the most unpleasant manifestations of global climate change. The thing is that this type of precipitation can last for several days, or even weeks, almost completely preventing a person from moving.
