/ / Materialism is material doubt?

Materialism is a doubt in the material?

Materialism is a philosophical movement thatdenies the spiritual essence of things, relying primarily on the evolutionary component in the genesis of the external, in relation to man, world. Characteristic features of this approach is the complete denial of the existence of God and other higher substances.

Materialism is

Moreover, for materialists, it’s not so muchunderstanding the essence of the processes around, how much the search for a logical and pseudoscientific explanation of the origin, the existence of physical space. In this sense, it can be argued that materialism is the doctrine of the corporeality of the world and things in this world. For comparison: idealism with its concept of the first essence of a higher ideal (no matter what form it is in) makes the main emphasis on self-knowledge of the ideal, the search for God within itself. In other words, for representatives of materialism the main category is the physical world as an objective reality, for idealists the human “I” as a spiritual projection of higher powers.

Human consciousness and physics of the world

The denial of the spiritual has led tomaterialists, starting from the Renaissance, were required to somehow integrate human consciousness into the evolutionary physics of everyday reality. And then a problem arose, since the Christian worldview did not allow to completely deny the divine essence of man. The way out was found in the search for a moral and ethical ideal — in this way, the humanists went, turning materialism in philosophy into a prototype of social and political theory. Later, French thinkers only formalized the elaborated concepts into proto-modern theories of law and constitutionalism. Materialism is ethics and law. So conditionally, you can denote the value era of the 15-18 centuries.

Materialism in philosophy

Two approaches

The rebirth of materialism clearly posed the question:what is primary and what is secondary? It turned out that materialism is not only a search for general laws of the development of nature, but also a definition, more precisely, an awareness of the primary source of the world. Vulgar materialism sought primordial matter, in essence, it was a continuation of the Greek tradition (Democritus, Empedocles). Consistent materialism proceeded from the mechanical principle of explaining the objective laws that exist outside of human consciousness. However, paradoxically, it is precisely consistent materialism in transit through materialism that dialectical came to the conclusion about the phenomenological nature of matter. According to this logic, which Lenin finally laid, it turned out that the surrounding reality is only a representation existing in our consciousness, and the consciousness itself is an objective reality. And this, in turn, meant that the outside world could be constructed in its own image and likeness. As a result, the place of God was taken by man, which was especially well traced in Soviet Marxism.

theory of materialism

Cartesian doubt

In addition, we must not forget that the theorymaterialism was significantly transformed after R. Descartes introduced his principle of doubt. It turned out that all the logical arguments of materialists, like other philosophers, do not go beyond the logical circle: if we recognize consciousness as part of the objective world, knowledge of this objective world itself is possible only through individual consciousness. Breaking a circle means recognizing some things not only objectively existing, but also believing in them. And this means that the source of any materialistic concept is the idealistic position of the philosopher himself.