Понятие философии зародилось в античный период и included theoretical and generalized vision of the world by ancient Greek scientists. In contrast to the religious thinking characteristic of the period of antiquity and the Middle Ages, this science is characterized by rationality of knowledge, reliance on practical knowledge and a fairly accurate scientific assessment. The philosophical worldview, which in the ancient period also covered mathematics, astronomy and astrology, concepts from the field of physics and chemistry, was the view of one person or a teacher and his followers on the surrounding reality.
Therefore, the concept of philosophy wasa set of different fundamental ideas about the world and man, as well as about the relationship between society and nature. Such views allow people to be well versed in the surrounding reality, to motivate their own actions, to perceive real events and at the same time to be guided by the corner values characteristic of a particular civilization.
Society: The concept of society in philosophy is essentialan integral part of this science, since the life of each person cannot be considered in isolation from society. In this connection, ancient scholars considered “commonality” as a union and cooperation of people uniting into a group consciously and on a voluntary basis. So, Aristotle called each individual "political animal", forced to interact with the state, where relationships are built on the principle of domination and subordination. And Plato was the first philosopher who laid the tendency for a totalitarian interpretation of any social structure, in which the role of an individual person remains minimal.
Other concepts: Basic philosophy concepts include category“Picture of the world”, boundaries and possibilities of human knowledge, as well as other issues. Even in the ancient period, the ancient scholars paid special attention to ontologies, which can be considered as a separate doctrine of being. This concept of philosophy in different schools had its own interpretation, in some teachings its position was based on divine intervention, while other scholars put forward materialistic ideas. The problems of being, the image of things and the meaning of the existence of the world were discussed by the ancient Greeks, and each of them sought to find an evidence base for his own point of view.
Aristotle dealt with the problem of appearanceman, looking for a manifestation of the divine mind and evidence of intervention of higher powers in the existing reality, he attributed the question of creating the world to metaphysics. The ontological aspect of philosophy was also studied by the philosophers of the New Time, however, the question of the meaning of life was already considered in isolation from the ancient teachings, and representatives of most schools in the XVIII-XIX excluded the possibility of the intervention of otherworldly forces in events occurring on Earth.
In the XIX century, the concept of philosophy more and moreconcentrated on anthropology, since this category at that time was not yet a separate science. This aspect was formed by studying the special characteristics of human existence with its needs that need to be satisfied. In order to get what he wants, an individual is forced to develop his own abilities, allowing him to confidently move towards his intended goal.
And the German scientist R.Lotze, who lived in the XIX century, among the existing reality highlights in a separate category human inclinations. To the fore he puts the ratio of moral-religious and material values, scientific knowledge and wealth. The beliefs and behavior of each individual person who seeks his life goals and leans toward the spiritual or material world depends on these criteria.
