All over the world, the term science is understooda certain form of human activity that has developed historically and is aimed at the cognition, understanding and transformation of objective reality. The result of scientific activity are the facts carefully systematized in the process of purposeful selection. Also, the concept of science and scientific activity implies the existence of generalizing theories, logically verified hypotheses, laws (both fundamental and private), as well as a variety of research methods. Generally speaking, science can be called simultaneously historically developed and constantly developing system of knowledge and practical activity based on them.
The modern structure of science isthe aggregate of a multitude of industries is extremely extensive, but it is a single whole. Scientific activity literally affects everything, starting with the matter that makes up the world and all life in it, and ending with "" the crown of creation - man. In general, the types of scientific activity can be divided into those who study the laws of nature, the development of all its resources and transformations for the benefit of man — natural-technical sciences, and those that study the social aspect of life, its various phenomena and the laws of development — social sciences. The latter, among other things, affect the person himself, who is a member of society, and also study a number of philosophical disciplines, including the abstract laws of human development and nature, the society in which man exists, and the laws of his thinking.
Наука в современном мире подразумевает the use of many research methods: experiment - for the natural sciences, statistics - for the public. In addition, there are general scientific means of activity, such as analysis, deduction, induction, synthesis, and various approaches (systemic or probabilistic). Each science as such consists of two levels: the first is called empirical - this is the mass of factual knowledge accumulated over the whole existence of mankind, which are the results of observations and the results of experiments. The second level is the theoretical sum of empirical data, expressed in theories formulated by scientists, laws and principles. In addition, the concept of science is inseparable from scientific assumptions based on facts and hypotheses that still need to be tested.
Science and scientific activity in the modern worldvery important because it performs a lot of functions. First of all, it is important in public life - the main function is the cognitive function, due to which the accumulation and active use of knowledge takes place, as well as their transformation into hypotheses and theories. In addition, the cognitive function of science is to describe and systematize previously acquired knowledge, which allows you to accumulate experience and transfer it in an accessible way to other generations. Another function that the concept of science includes is to fill the human world with full objective knowledge directly related to nature and society, as a result of which an integral human personality is being formed.
Educational function of scientific activitydesigned to fill the necessary information of the educational process, in other words, without it it would be impossible to form training as such, its methods, forms and technologies. And approximately in the middle of the 20th century, the concept of science was replenished with a practical function, thanks to which science finally ceased to be a pure theory and became a specific productive force embedded in most spheres of human life - education, medicine and even life.
