Structure and composition of the State Duma of the Russian Federation: list, duties and features

State Duma of the Russian Federationis the chamber of the Federal Assembly. In Russia, it is the highest legislative body. The final composition of the State Duma is elected by popular vote, the term of deputy authority is 5 years.

Who is in parliament

Powers of State Duma VII Deputiesconvocation entered into force on September 18, 2016. On this day, popular elections were held, which determined the composition of the State Duma both by party lists and by single-member constituencies.

The turnout was almost 48 percent.The parties needed to get 5 percent of the vote to get into the federal parliament. To win in a single-member district, it was enough to get a simple majority.

The Central Election Commission allowedparticipation in the elections of 14 political parties. These are permanent participants in all elections - United Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Fair Russia, Yabloko. The recently appeared political forces are the Civil Platform, the Civil Force, the Greens, the Patriots of Russia, the Homeland, the Russian Pensioner Party for Justice. The political forces that were relatively recently involved in the struggle for deputy chairs are the “Communists of Russia”, the “Party of Growth”, and also the extremely opposition party PARNAS.

According to the results of the counting of votes, only four partiesovercame the 5 percent barrier. United Russia joined the State Duma, gaining more than 54 percent of the vote, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia took the second and third places, scoring 13 percent each, while Just Russia took the 4th place with a score of 6.22%.

The composition of the State Duma of the Russian Federation also formedpeople's deputies, who won in single-seat constituencies. In addition to the parties that passed the 5 percent barrier, representatives of the Motherland, the Civic Platform and one self-promoted candidate appeared in the Duma.

Parliament structure

The fundamental element of the State Duma’s structure is itsapparatus. Its functions include legal and organizational support of the activities of people's representatives. As well as work with documents, analytics, assessment of information, financial, material and technical condition, provision of social conditions for deputies. Andrey Voikov became the first head of the apparatus in 1994. Now this position is occupied by Jahan Pollyieva. Despite the fact that a new composition of the State Duma was elected, it retained its post.

An important role is played by the chairmanState Duma. He is responsible for establishing interaction with other branches of government - judicial and executive. In the first convocation, the Parliament was headed by Ivan Rybkin, now this post is occupied by Vyacheslav Volodin.

The main bodies of the federal parliament thattake part in the lawmaking process, these are State Duma committees. Their composition is formed according to the proportional principle: how many party deputies are members of the State Duma, in the same proportion they will be represented in the committees.

All questions that are subsequently included inThe agenda of the Duma meetings, initially discussed in the relevant commissions. Now in the Duma there are commissions on legal support, budget and construction, and many others.

The function of planning the work of the Parliament is entrusted to the Council of the State Duma. He is also obliged to complete the drafting of bills for the next meetings of the lower house.

List of deputy associations

In each convocation, deputies enjoy their right to join in factions, as well as groups. At the same time, interfactional associations and independent parliamentarians periodically operate.

Exotic deputy associations existed from the first to the fourth convocation. For example, "Anti-NATO" or "Women's groups."

The current composition of the State Duma deputies onAt present, he has formed factions in accordance with the party affiliation of their deputies. The same situation developed in the Dumas of the last three convocations. Independent groups and coalitions disappear over time.

Rights and obligations

The duties of the people's representatives, who are members of the State Duma by party and single-mandate constituencies, are prescribed in federal legislation. They are divided into two groups.

The first are those that the parliamentarian is obliged to perform directly in the State Duma.

These are oral appeals to members of the government, the prosecutor general and other high-ranking officials, speeches at sessions and sessions, participation in the work of the Duma committees and commissions.

In his constituency, a deputy mustapply to all kinds of state bodies, organizations and enterprises on appeals of citizens coming to him and seek answers. The people's choice is free to receive officials, he also has the right to receive and disseminate information, if it is not particularly closed.

What are deputies not obliged to perform?

Despite the fact that the law lists not only the rights, but also the obligations of parliamentarians, one, very obvious, is not among them. It is the duty to attend meetings of the State Duma.

The absence in the law of this norm is fraught with the fact thatThe so-called shirkers deputies do not apply disciplinary measures. In contrast to the Russian legislation, in the practice of foreign states, the status of a deputy is spelled out in more detail, and great attention is paid to penalties that can be applied to a people's representative in the event that he does not fulfill his direct duties.

Features of the State Duma VII convocation

The main feature of the new State Dumaconvocation is that for the first time in modern Russian history one of the parties represented in parliament has a constitutional majority. That is two thirds of the seats in parliament.

According to the results of the elections, United Russia received 343seats in the lower chamber of 450. This means that deputies of this party can pass any laws without the support of representatives of other political forces. After all, members of other parties are less at times. In the State Duma only 42 communists, 39 Liberal Democrats and 23 members of "Fair Russia".