The Urals are simply dotted with numerous andbeautiful rivers with clear cold water and picturesque rocky shores, and the most interesting rapids and rifts make them also extremely attractive for outdoor activities. Mysterious rocks that hold many legends and legends are surrounded by endless taiga. Bones of unseen animals, precious stones, gold, unknown cave paintings were found here more than once ... The waterways of the Urals are mysterious and attractive, we will tell about several of them.
Ural Mountains
First of all, you should tell about thesemysterious mountains. The Ural Ridge extends over two and a half thousand kilometers, from the icy shores of the northern ocean to the hot semi-deserts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, being a watershed of many rivers on the eastern and western slopes, the real border of the worlds of Asia and Europe. The ridge also divides the Russian and West Siberian Plains. The rivers and lakes of the Urals are very numerous and have their own interesting features. There are more than five thousand rivers belonging to the basins: the Kara Sea, the Barents Sea, the Caspian Sea.
An interesting feature of this region isa large number of artificial reservoirs - reservoirs, as well as ponds (more than three hundred total area of about 4.2 thousand square kilometers). Together with numerous hydroelectric power plants, in the bulk, artificial reservoirs are a hydrotechnical part of the plant network of the Urals.
Natural and climatic features
The huge length of the mountain range creates extremely diverse climatic conditions for the rivers and lakes of the Urals, which inevitably affects their characteristics.
The climate of the region is continental, cold here.snowmobile winters and warm summers. The northern part of the Urals is experiencing a strong climatic influence of the northern seas and the Arctic Ocean, while the middle part of the mountain range is located in the zone of influence of the Atlantic (especially the western part, where the greatest amount of precipitation is noted). The steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Ural Mountains are characterized by insufficient moisture, which directly affects the water abundance of the rivers flowing here, while the taiga zone and the tundra zone, on the contrary, tend to be excessive moisture.
Features of the rivers in different parts of the Urals
In the Polar Urals, a small number of high-flow rivers, such as the Khara-Matalou, Sob, Yelets and others, begin their run.
In the northern and subpolar parts of the mountains flowrapids, fast and large rivers of the Urals, such as the Pechora and its numerous tributaries (Sugor, Ilych, Kosyu, Podcherem and so on). They replenish the Barents Sea with their waters. On the eastern slopes of the mountain rivers of the Northern Urals and Circumpolar - stony, shallow, fast. They are rich in rapids and rolls. These rivers flow into the Malaya Ob, North Sosva and further carry their waters into the Kara Sea. Navigable rivers in the north of the mountains for 5-6 months.
Middle Ural, Western Urals, EasternTrans-Urals - numerous rivers originate here. Here the streams that make up the Kama water system begin their run. It is the most powerful and deepest river in the region.
Реки Южного Урала, как и Северного, имеют очень high flow rate. Their beds are characterized by a large number of rapids, rapids, waterfalls. The flow of the rivers of the Middle Urals is much calmer and slower.
Features of the rivers of different slopes of the ridge
Rivers of different slopes of the Ural range, toodiffer from each other. On the western slope more rain falls due to the influence of the Atlantic, thanks to the western transfer of air masses. Therefore, the rivers here are more affluent than on the eastern slope, where humidification is less. Among the rivers of the western slopes there are such large Ural rivers as Vishera, Belaya, Kama, Ufa, and Sylva. And on the eastern slopes of the largest are Sosva, Tavda, Iset, Lozva, Tura, Pyshma. The valleys of these rivers extend, as a rule, in the latitudinal direction. The Chusovaya River is unique, which in its channel (the only one of them!) Captures both the western and eastern slopes of the mountain range.
Description p. Ural
The Ural River flows through Eastern Europethe territories of the countries - Russia and Kazakhstan. This river carries its waters from Bashkiria to the Caspian Sea. Refers to the rivers of the Southern Urals. Length - 2428 kilometers. It is ranked third in length in Europe after waterways such as the Volga and the Danube. Even Dnepr is ahead in length. The Ural River begins at an altitude of 637 meters on the slopes of the Kruglaya Sopka (Uraltau Range) in Bashkortostan.
Then flows along the edge of the Chelyabinsk region from the northSouth. Passing the city Verkhneuralsk and Magnitogorsk. Accepts at the same time tributaries of the Gummeyka and B.Kizil. Meeting the plateau of the Kazakh steppe on its way, the Ural River abruptly changes its direction to the north-west. Further deviating now to the west, then to the east, comes to the Caspian Sea. The Ural River flows into the sea, breaking up into many branches.
The ancient name of p. Ural
This river also has an ancient name.Until 1775, the Ural River was called Yaik. This name is official in Kazakhstan. In the Bashkir language, the river also has this name. It was first mentioned in the annals of the Russian people in 1140. Renamed it was in the Urals on January 15, 1775 by order of Catherine II. Then many geographical objects were renamed, in order to erase from the memory of people the Pugachev rebellion, which flared from 73 to 75.
Pechora River
Included in the number of rivers of the Northern Urals.Its name means - the cave, is popular with fishermen and rafters. Its length is 1.809 thousand kilometers, Pechora flows through the territory of two constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous District, has a total catchment area of 0.322 million square kilometers. It flows into the Barents Sea, the annual flow is approximately 0.13 million cubic kilometers of water. The Pechora has a huge number of tributaries, about 35 thousand. In the basin of the river. Pechora, there are 60 thousand lakes! Its main power is snowy.
Самый крупный приток Печоры – река Уса, длиной 500 kilometers. Other major tributaries of the Pechora include Northern Mylva, Unya, Lem'yu, Velho, Kozhva, Izhma, Ski, Neritsa, Tsilma, Pizhma, Sula, Ilych, Borovaya, Podchere, Usa, Shugor, Laya, Sozva, Kuya, Ersa, Shapkin. The most interesting of them for tourism are Unya (great fishing) and Usa (excellent rafting).
The largest marinas are Ust-Tsilma, Naryan-Mar, Pechora.
To the place where the river Unya Pechora flows into it hastypical mountain character. Its shores on this site are formed by pebbles, in the bed are many rapids, rocky protrusions, and shallows. And in its middle and lower parts, the character of the river changes to a flat one. The banks are clay or sandy. Water Pechora spread in breadth, reaching a width of two kilometers. In this part you can see the sleeves, channels, islands of the Pechora.
The Pechora River District is considered to be difficult to reach.here the automobile network is extremely underdeveloped. For this reason, the mass of untouched natural places has been preserved in the region, and between the inflow of the Pechora Ilych and the Pechora itself one of the largest biosphere reserves of Russia is organized.
Cara
Еще одной из интереснейших рек гор Урала является The river Kara, which flows in the polar part of the ridge. Its length is 0.257 thousand kilometers with a basin area of 13.4 thousand square kilometers. The river flows through the regions of Russia: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic.
Начало свое берет в слиянии двух рек – Малая и Big Kara. Flows parallel to the Pai-Khoi range. Throughout its length, the river flows mostly deserted and extremely scenic places. Here you can see several beautiful canyons, a lot of rapids and waterfalls, the most famous of which, of course, is considered to be Buredan (9 kilometers below the confluence of the Nerusoviyakhi River).
The only one all over the river.Kara settlement - pos. Ust-Kara - located near the mouth of the river. On its shores, you can find, perhaps, the temporary dwellings of local ethnic groups - the plague, and even that is extremely rare.
Интересно, что Карское море получило свое the name is from the Kara River, where in the eighteenth century one of the units of the so-called “Great Northern Expedition” headed by S. Malygin and A. Skuratov stood up for wintering.
Rafting on the rivers of the Urals
This is a very popular form of outdoor activities.The Urals. The rafting is carried out along the rivers: Ufa, Belaya, Ai, Chusovaya, Sergey, Sosva, Yuryuzan, Rezh, Usva, Neiva. They can last from 1 day to a week. Rafting on the rivers of the Urals allows you to visit many attractions, not overcoming the distance on foot, and on a catamaran, trimaran or raft. Passing along the river Serebryanka, which then flows into Chusovaya, water tourists repeat the path of Ermak. Also on Chusovoi its rocky shores are remarkable. The White or Agidel River, which flows through the Republic of Bashkortostan, also attracts rafters. Here combined tours with visits to caves are possible. Kapova Cave or Shulgan-Tash is widely known.
Alloy on Vishera, which is considered one ofthe most picturesque rivers of the Urals. It begins in Vishersky Reserve. The grayling, taimen, burbot, loach, spike live in it. The Pyshma River is notable for its cliffs, on the river there is a resort "Kuryi" and the national park "Pripyshmensky Pine Forest". The Kara River in the Subpolar Urals also has its interesting sights. This severe northern river passes several canyons and sometimes forms waterfalls, the largest one is called Buredan. It is also very interesting for rafting. West of the river there is a meteor crater with a diameter of 65 kilometers.
