Among the most important problems of mankind, withwhich he has increasingly faced in the early 21st century, continues to increase such as pollution of the biosphere. It is included in the list of the whole complex of global problems of mankind, which are considered by modern science as those that are capable of self-development, self-reproduction on an increasing scale, and which can be overcome only by uniting the efforts of all mankind.
Production and economic activities of countriesbegins to exert such an influence on the Earth's biosphere, that at this stage there is a real threat not only to the purity of the natural environment, but also to the conditions for its physical and biological degeneration. This is manifested, first of all, in the violation of the biocenosis - the equilibrium state of the natural environment, in which it is still able to use the internal resources to maintain life at the necessary chemical and biological level. Biocenosis bias, occurring under the influence of such a phenomenon as pollution of the biosphere, directly leads to a loss of self-regulation, which ensures minimization of losses from various kinds of natural disasters and negative consequences of human management in the natural environment.
In some cases, you can already talk nowabout achievement, or even exceeding, of all permissible limits at which the biological environment is capable of providing its sustainable existence. The problem also lies in the fact that mankind and science, still very little know these very limits of stability, which are formulated mainly on the basis of empiricism. Nevertheless, in some regions of the planet there are already observed irreversible processes of degradation of the natural environment and the biosphere as a whole. It is possible to list some of the most "sounding" problems directly caused by the pollution of the biosphere.
"Greenhouse effect" - this phenomenon is associated withan increase in temperature in the northern latitudes of the Earth, for example, scientists say that the magnitude of this increase over the past thirty years was approximately 0.7 degrees. This temperature increase is due to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other aerosol compounds in the planet's atmosphere. As a result, excess energy absorption by the air that is allocated to the Earth by the Sun. This effect really represents the global problems of the biosphere, because its source is energy-resource enterprises - thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, and even HPPs, although until recently it was considered to be "energy water" environmentally friendly.
The same, truly "space" problemThere is also a decrease in the ozone layer. This protective screen, by its physical nature, is pulsating, that is, changing its value under the influence of a number of factors. However, in recent decades, in a complex of factors, an increasingly important role has been played by factors that are by no means of a cosmic nature, but purely terrestrial and not at all positive. We are talking about the excessive use of chlorofluorocarbons (freons) in production and everyday life, which actively destroy ozone. Internationally signed agreements on the conservation of the ozone layer, unfortunately, have no desired effect, and the pollution of the biosphere continues to continue with these products.
An important eco-problem is mass destructionForest, which play a leading role in maintaining the sustainability of the biocenosis throughout the planet. Huge forest tracts can quite act as the main supplier of oxygen in the territory, located for tens of thousands of kilometers from them. They are able to absorb atmospheric pollution, provide soil protection from erosion, promote the normal flow of rivers, regulate the circulation of oxygen and carbon in the natural environment.
A wide resonance in the world is also caused by the problems of the biosphere caused by the actual "dirty" industrial and economic activities of people.
As emphasized, as a result of pollutionsoils, forests, water, air, in all these environments, irreversible processes begin, and therefore their resolution must be considered by all mankind as an urgent task that must be solved today.
