Currently, there are about 24 in Russia.000 objects that belong to solid waste landfills. At the same time, only one tenth of them are operated on a legal basis, not to mention the observance of the rules and standards established by the Federal Service for Environmental Supervision. This is partly due to the problems that arise during the registration, design and construction of such facilities. It is no secret that MSW landfills are very specific and impose special requirements on owners, as well as on reclamation or transfer to another status. Each of these questions should be studied in detail to increase the chances of a modern, safe and legally clean landfill.
Licensing of landfills
Waste collection activities strictlyRegulated and subject to registration. The document authorizing the handling of household and industrial waste is a license. Before you begin the registration procedure, you must make sure that the company meets the requirements of the supervisory authority, which will evaluate the landfill. The license is issued only under the condition that the facility meets sanitary and epidemiological standards, has the necessary equipment, is serviced by workers with professional training, etc. In addition, the applicant must provide a draft system that will exercise production control during waste management.
Documents for obtaining a license
Those wishing to obtain a license to conduct this kind of activity must submit to Rosprirodnadzor a package including the following set of documents:
- documents of a legal entity;
- the list of works to be carried out in the field of waste management;
- title deedsa site where a waste disposal zone is planned to be located (often solid waste landfills are built up with special facilities, which also require relevant documents);
- certificate of successful environmental review;
- certificates for the right of waste management;
- certificate of payment of state duty for a license.
Licensing procedure
Rosprirodnadzor checks information and documentssent by applicants, within 5 days. Based on the results of the check, a decision is made in the form of a refusal or license. As a rule, MSW landfills receive a license if they initially comply with technical, legal and environmental requirements. It also matters the correctness of the package of documents. During the procedural processing, employees of Rosprirodnadzor check the completeness and accuracy of the information specified in the application and documents.
It is important to note that in the construction of the lastyears are gaining popularity so-called self-regulating community (SRO), participation in which saves new market participants from the need to obtain the appropriate license. In the field of waste management, this practice is only gaining momentum, but joining an SRO of this profile can be very useful. Representatives of such associations not only legalize their solid waste landfills, but also receive legal, as well as information and technical support from their colleagues, which is especially important in the early stages of enterprise development.
Polygon design
Already at the stage of project development,special purpose of the landfill as an object designed for the collection and disposal of household waste. In order to minimize the dangerous effects of such complexes on the ecological situation of the adjacent territory, the project provides for protective systems acting as barriers to pollutants. Their presence determines the difference between special landfills and ordinary landfills.
For successful neutralization of harmful effects during the operation of the future facility, the design of landfills should include the following work:
- Development of a waterproofing system for a contaminated array. This is necessary to prevent direct contact between the landfill mass and sediments.
- Elaboration and planning of the surface of the landfill zone, taking into account the location of the slopes to ensure removal of surface runoff.
- Creating a ventilation system for the landfill.
- Development of a filtrate management and control system.
- Making a plan for gardening.
The design is carried out in accordance with the principles that minimize the likelihood of environmental crisis and pollution. the environment. The most important from the point of view of safety are water bodies.
Construction of landfills
Events for the technical implementation of projectsMSW landfills are in many ways similar to traditional construction sites. Such complexes may include the same utilities, household structures, etc. The differences should include the consideration of special requirements for insulation and the selection of building materials. In addition, the construction of the landfill involves the construction of sanitary facilities with impervious screens, which are the main elements in any complex of this type.
Natural geological obstacles tothe spread of pollution in practice is rare, so developers equip special protective screens on the surface of the working area. Using such barriers minimizes the risk of harmful environmental damage caused by exposure to the adverse environment of landfills.
Landfill reclamation
Starting polygon design cannot be ruled out.probability of its possible recultivation. This is a responsible event in which the land occupied by the site acquires the former ecologically healthy state.
At the same time, landfilling of solid waste landfills can be reclaimed according to different technological methods of neutralization, including the following stages:
- Analysis of the landfill and the determination of its level of danger.
- Consideration of the use of alternative remediation.
- Development of a project for the disposal and subsequent remediation.
At the same time there are several groups of technological methods for the elimination of landfills. The base includes the extraction and disposal of waste in another safe place and destruction directly at the landfill.
