In the domestic culture of his place was determinedat once - a Russian classic, a writer who discovered in the literature a socio-philosophical direction. Who is he? Leonid Maksimovich Leonov. His work is multifaceted and multifunctional. He wrote about the organization of socialist society, expressed his view on this, sharply raised the problems of the people of the "bottom", touched even fantastic projects, such as "freezing people."
A short biography of Leonid Maximovich Leonov. Childhood writer
Date of birth of Leonid Maximovich LeonovIt happened at the end of the 19th century - on May 19, 1899. The writer lived a long life, he died on August 8, 1994 at the age of 95 years. Leonov was buried at Novodevichye Cemetery.
Leonid's childhood was held in Moscow.His father - Maxim Leonov (Gorevka) was a self-taught poet, a member of the "Surikov" music and literary circle. He was a native of the Kaluga province, the village of Polukhino.
Maxim Leonovich created in Moscow his ownbook publishing house. Things went well, he opened his own store and was a very wealthy man. In the Tsarist times, Maxim Goremyka was brought to justice 17 times for distributing the left literature and eventually was exiled to Arkhangelsk, where he settled. He died in 1929. His Moscow family he left, and Leonid Maximovich was brought up without a father. His main mentor was the grandfather Leon Leonovich Leonov. It was he who instilled a love for the boy to spiritual and Old Russian literature. In ten years Leonid became a graduate of the Petrovsky-Myasnitsky city school. I went to study at the 3rd Moscow Gymnasium.
Arkhangelsk
As a schoolboy, Leonov traveled on vacation tohis father in Arkhangelsk, where he was the editor of the newspaper "North Morning". In 1915 the first poems of Leonid Leonid Maximovich were published. Also his father helped him to publish various essays, art and theatrical reviews. They were so strong that his father did not have to be ashamed of the samples of his son's pen. So came the first writer's experience. His first poems the writer himself called "the initial test of the voice, the tuning of the lyre," in many ways they were imitative.
While studying at the gymnasium Leonid MaksimovichLeonov wrote the story "Valine doll", as well as the tale "Tsar and Afonya". He graduated from the gymnasium Leonov in 1918 with a silver medal and immediately went to Arkhangelsk to his father. There the young writer works in the publications "Northern Day", "North Morning". Here, the first acquaintances with the "poets of the north" - the writer Shergin, the artist Pisahov. They helped open the world of Russian tradition to the young man, the iconic epic Rus, the untouched virgin nature.
Service in the Red Army
In Moscow University Leonid studiedNot long, all of his plans were violated by the Civil War. Biography of the great writer Leonid Leonov contains the information that the young man in 1920 voluntarily joined the Red Army and served on the Southern Front. The training took place in an artillery school, participated in battles, was a correspondent at the front line, worked in military publications. Became a secretary in the editorial staff of the "Red Warrior". Military pseudonym Leonova - Maxim Laptev, Lapot. Demobilized in 1921 and began serious writing activities.
Becoming a writer
Returning to Moscow, Leonid Maksimovich Leonovprofessionally engaged in the author's case. His first works were highly appreciated by Maxim Gorky, who emphasized the talent of the young writer and prophesied to him a great future. Some noticed in the work of Leonov some associations with the style of Dostoevsky, to which Gorky retorted that Leonov in the works does not have the very same "howls of the wounded" that are observed in Fyodor Mikhailovich.
Leonid Maximovich Leonov, whose poems werepublished in his youth, began to seriously engage in prose. His fairy tale "Buryga" was published in 1922, in 1923 there is a collection of short stories, then the story "The End of the Small Man" and "The Petushikhinsky Fracture".
Novels "Badgers", "The Thief"
Thanks to the novel "Badgers" (1924).) Leonid Maximovich Leonov was highly regarded as a young prose writer. The work was devoted to the revolt of the peasants, who opposed the Soviet power in the early 20s of the last century. The writer saw the origins of the rebellion of peasants not only in repressive methods of governing the authorities, overburdened with surplus-appropriation, but also in the historical dislike of peasants towards urban residents. Envy, disputes about the land, the catastrophic nature of being, which infects the masses with hatred.
Images of the people the author created realistic,characters were described with psychological precision, philosophical significance. In the novel, the author feels sympathy for the working people, who are helpless before the great changes in their destinies.
In the work "The Thief" (1927).) Leonid Maksimovich Leonov is revealed already as a connoisseur of human studies. If before he did not depict in the works of these fates, the "Thief" tells the reader about the tragic fate of Mitka Vekshin. The former commissar, who slipped to the criminal, personifies here the tragedy of the whole people, the drama of the soul and conscience. In our time, we can appreciate the work really, now we know how dangerous the power to which the "lumpen proletarians" got and fell from its tops. "The thief" revealed at that time all the unflattering undercover about the leaders of the fates of that time.
Works of the 30-ies
The novel "Sot" (1930)) was the first Soviet work, where the labor heroism of the Soviet people was glorified, the building of socialism and the transformation of the remote outskirts into industrial centers were glorified. Novels "Skutarevsky", as well as "The Road to the Ocean" show the artistic study of a difficult reconstruction of the ideas of the world of the old intelligentsia who decided to take part in the rebirth of the system. It depicts the acute class struggle precisely in this habitat. "The Road to the Ocean" describes the fate of the communist organizer, philosopher, leader, who gives himself up for the building of communism.
Dramaturgy
In the late 30's and early 40's, Leonov worksmore like a playwright. His plays are in great demand. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "The Wolf", "Polovchanskiye Gardens" (1938), "Ordinary Man" (1941).
A couple of words I want to say about the play "Snowstorm".She occupies a special place in the work of Leonov and touches on interesting facts from the life of the writer. In this work, the author recreated the atmosphere of fear, distrust that shook the country in the 30s. A terrible blizzard blizzard ruined all living things, capable. The usual types of heroes of that time were changed beyond recognition, the emigrant represented a positive hero, and his brother, the Soviet director, was negative.
At first the play was staged in a provincial theater.But then it was banned and accused "of malicious slander on Soviet reality." Leonova heavily criticized the Politburo, the author feared that he would be arrested. Rehabilitated the product only in 1962.
War. Postwar years
During the war, Leonid Maksimovich evacuatedother writers in Chistopol. Repeatedly as a correspondent he went to the front. Worked in Izvestia and Pravda. His works "Invasion", and then "Lenushka" (1942-1943 gg.), Reflected the feat of the people in the fight against fascism, the grief of loss and defeat, courage and heroism. "Invasion" was awarded the Stalin Prize. Interesting fact: Leonov sent all the money, and this was 100 thousand rubles, to the Defense Fund. For which he received a written gratitude from Stalin.
Леонид Максимович Леонов, краткая биография which is presented in our article, was an outstanding man of his time. Here, only part of his work is revealed. In the postwar years, he continued to write, raise the problems of modernity. He was not afraid to talk about the repressed, about the kulaks, the enemies of the people, in every person he tried to find a person, tried to reach out to the truth. Not always his works were published, some were even banned in the Union. But somehow the writer's will was not punished for his bold creativity, and even worth noting that he was repeatedly awarded various government awards, he was a popular and famous person in the circle of the intelligentsia.
His main work "Pyramid" writer publishedunfinished shortly before his death, he worked on this work for 45 years. In it Leonov summed up all the realistic literature of the last century, combined the facts and fiction, compared the possible with the impossible, and also summed up all his creativity.
