Пасторальный - это жанр в литературе, музыке, painting and theater. What is the meaning of this word? What can be called pastoral? What are some examples of the use of words in literature? What is pastoral music? In what composers' works can you find works devoted to depicting rural life or nature?
Meaning of the word pastoral
This is primarily a genre that is used invarious types of art (painting, music, literature and theater). It is used to depict and poeticize rural and peaceful human life. It also corresponds in meaning to a noun. It is characterized as quiet and peaceful. Translated from the French pastorale (pastoral) - it is shepherd, rural.
Pastoral - a unique genre
В европейской художественной культуре он exists for many centuries. History confirms its longevity and indicates a specific figure - 23 centuries. At first he took shape in a special genre of poetry. But quickly spread to other types of literature, and then in other arts: painting, music, drama, applied art. The forms of its manifestation and variants were created by each epoch. So, pastoral is both a generic and a specific genre category. The musical component of the pastoral still lies in ancient sources. It was under her influence that the pastoral in European art developed. These were dances of satyrs and nymphs, songs of shepherds, games of shepherd instruments (flutes and others).
Examples of the use of words in the literature
"He rode three kilometers among ghostly deserts and snow-covered volcanoes that have nothing to do with the pastoral dawns of his valley."
"The office was as before. Its walls were painted in solid green and there were no pastoral landscapes at all."
"Hired specialists sowed and fed the soil. For Jack, however, the pastoral occupation of trimming the grass was a kind of therapy."
As we see, in the literature "pastoral" isoften used word that is used in different speech turns to underline the desired meaning. Here are some more successful and diverse examples.
"A young man who just woke up from pastoral sounds could see a sunbeam that flashed across the ceiling above his head."
"He wandered through the amazing and charming forest to which he dedicated a whole poem. In it, pastoral motifs are closely intertwined with mythological images and combined with political assessments."
"He turned a pastoral play into a real drama about suffering and a tragic fate."
Pastoral music
To depict rural life or nature, works are created that can be of small or large form.
- The movement of the melody is calm and smooth.
- The most commonly used size is 6/8 or 12/8.
- The melody often doubles the third.
К пасторали обращались многие композиторы.Among them are: JS Bach, A. Vivaldi, F. Cooper, D. Scarlatti, L. Beethoven and others. Pastoral operas are available in the works of C. Gluck, J. Ramo, J. Lully, V. Mozart, M. Ravel and many other composers.
Beethoven's Sixth Symphony
Pastoral symphony in the works of the composerrefers to the central period. Date of its creation - 1806 year. In this work there is no struggle with the villain-fate. Here in the foreground are the simple events of worldly life and the glorification of the great power of nature.
It is dedicated to Prince F.Lobkowicz (Viennese patron), who was the patron saint of the composer. On December 22, 1808, the symphony was first performed at the Vienna Theater. Initially, it was called "Memories of rural life."
The first premiere of the work was a failure.The orchestra consisted of teams of performers and was of a low level. The hall was cold, the public in fur coats did not perceive the work as a highly artistic sample and did not appreciate it.
Beethoven's pastoral symphony takes specialplace in the works of the composer. Of the nine existing, it is only software. It has both a common name and headings directly to each of the five parts. Their number and deviation from the traditional four-part cycle is also due to the program. The dramatic picture of a thunderstorm contrasts with the simple-minded village dances and the peaceful ending.
Thus, the considered genre is used invarious types of art (painting, literature, music, theater). Many composers addressed pastorals. A special place is occupied by Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony, which is a program composition. It conveys feelings filled with inspiration from the wonderful surrounding nature and rural life.
