Surrealism - the direction of the bourgeois modernArt, which originated in the early 20s of the last century in France. Style embodies the crisis of capitalist society and finds its foundations in the controversial idealistic philosophical theory of Sigmund Freud. The horror of the real world is embodied in the works of artists and writers of surrealism.
Surrealism in literature and painting had a goalto know the human subconscious, to join the supernatural, to create another reality. The founder and ideologue of the direction is considered to be Andre Breton, who believed that surrealism is psychic automatism, and thought is not dictated in it by reason and moral considerations. As its founder, Breton wanted to unite all the surrealists, but their endless disputes between themselves and the accusations caused by differences of opinion could not be completed peacefully. Nevertheless, the creators had a single message: they did not want to simply create a new style, they wanted to change modern life. According to the surrealists, the unconscious beginning is the highest truth on earth.
Especially popular is surrealism in literature andArt became in times of world wars. Continuing controversial trends appeared in Europe and America. At that time, the masses were introduced to this style by artists and writers who emigrated from France to other countries.
The most famous surrealist painters XXcenturies are considered Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Joan Miro. In the movie, we know the names of Luis Bunuel, as well as Georges Sadoul. Surrealism in literature has gained popularity thanks to Andre Breton, Louis Aragon, Rene Charlot, Henri Michaud, Robert Desnoux, Paul Eluard.
Analyze the work of the creators of this stylepractically impossible, but if we consider, say, a painting by Salvador Dali, where everything is carefully constructed and each of the elements has its own meaning, one can know for himself some of the essence of his thoughts. The works of surrealism are focused on the idea and image, and not on the subject itself. The unprepared reader or viewer will not be able to adequately perceive the design of surrealistic texts and canvases. Only a person with a good imagination, extraordinary thoughts and associations can fully immerse themselves in the world of the surrealists of that time and learn something new for themselves.
According to some reports, surrealism in literaturefirst came to the masses in 1918, when the book André Breton and Philip Supo “Magnetic Fields” was published. This style originates not in individual texts, but in a book that includes works of various genres.
Sleep was one of the sources of inspiration andknowledge for the surrealists. At that time, a series of sleep sessions conducted by poets were popular. On them, Robert Desnos - a famous poet - dictated to the public what he had seen in a dream.
1924 was an important date for creators.This year the “Manifesto of Surrealism” was published, where the names of the predecessors of the direction, its general provisions, etc. were listed. At the same time, magazines devoted to this style began to appear. In conclusion, such a genre as “black humor” originated.
Surrealism in literature is most evident in poetry, as well as in small prose and drama. Roger Vitrak's first surrealistic drama "Secrets of Love" was staged on the stage in 1927.
Surrealist artists were different in their style.a wealth of forms and approaches. Thanks to their creativity, the perception of the art of abstract art and cubism was simplified. Surrealism had an impact on the further creativity of many artists. Artists and writers gained new techniques and methods, changed their perception, began to look for other forms of creative expression. Even in Russia in the 1970s and 1990s, for example, it was possible to meet poets and writers who do not deviate from surrealistic ideas.
