Rembrandt's biography is tragic.The artist died in poverty, but first he lost all his relatives. His paintings were not appreciated in his lifetime, and the disciples betrayed him in the most difficult period. But the trials did not break the great painter, the strength of his spirit was so great that he could laugh at his own sorrows, and even at death itself.
Century of rembrandt
In the seventeenth century, Holland was one ofrichest states in Europe. Various goods from all over the world flocked to Amsterdam. Bankers and merchants wanted to see works that would reflect their lives as truthfully as possible. In such conditions, painting was the most popular and developed art form. Every self-respecting Dutchman believed that the picture must certainly be present in his home. And it was under these conditions that the creative biography of Rembrandt took shape.
Dutch artists
Some masters painted pictures, others still lifes,the third was a great genre scene. The fourth preferred to portray nature. However, they all sought to depict reality truthfully and without embellishment. But, no matter how great the skill of the Dutch painters was, Rembrandt surpassed all.
Such people are born once in a century, or evenless often. In his skill lived simplicity and humanity, but in him himself - the whole universe. Like no one else, Rembrandt was able to know the inner world of a person and his complex emotional experiences. A brief biography of this master is set forth today in various sources, and after reading it, one wonders how this man could create his canvases when the need forced him to give them for nothing, and his fellow writers contemptuously called him "a heretic in painting." Truly, a true artist creates even when stones are thrown at him.
Lone painter
He was never surrounded by admirers.No poet has sung it in his lifetime. This painter was not invited to official celebrations, and during the days of grand celebrations, he was also forgotten. However, he was not upset. The familiar favorite company of Rembrandt consisted of shopkeepers, townspeople, peasants and artisans. The common people were extremely close to him. The favorite place of the artist was one of the port zucchini, where the sailors, vagrant actors and petty thieves scurried around. There he sat for hours, observing and making sketches. In the world of art, which is nothing more than a special reflection of reality, which is given to see only the elect, Rembrandt lived all his life. The biography, a summary of which represents only the most significant facts of life, is set out below. However, in order to experience the incredible mastery of this brilliant personality, you need to see the works. After all, the life of the artist is transmitted in his paintings.
Birth of a genius
In 1606, in the family of one Dutcha wealthy miller named Harmens was born a son who became the sixth child. They called him Rembrandt. The mill was located near the city of the Rhine, and therefore Van Rane was added to the name of all the family members. The full name of one of the greatest figures in world painting is Rembrandt Harmens Van Rhine.
A brief biography of this person can bedescribed in just a few words: continuous work and constant creative quest. Perhaps it was the talent that saved him. In the life of the artist there were so many losses and disappointments that, perhaps, only art could save one from despair. But before proceeding to the tragic events in his life, a few words should be said about that pore, which was distinguished by its cloudlessness and unprecedented success in work. It is necessary to pay tribute to the fate of the great master. Rembrandt van Rijn was not always lonely and miserable.
short biography
In childhood, Rembrandt studied Latin and other importantscience. Parents did not stint on the education of his beloved son, because they dreamed that he would become an official or a famous scientist. However, the craving for drawing, which in the early years was manifested in cute drawings, later, already in adolescence, led Rembrandt to the studio of one of the local painters. There he studied for only six months, and then opened his own.
Rembrandt’s teachers were contemporaries andartists of the past. He mastered the technique of painting and engraving, studied the art of Italy by copy. One of the first pictures is Tulpa's Anatomy Lesson. It can be said that it was from this canvas that the Rembrandt-artist began his independent creative work. His biography says that for the first few years after the completion of painting studies in his life there were only joyful events.
Saxia
В двадцать пять лет художник переехал в столицу, and three years later he married the daughter of a burgomaster. Called the girl Saxia. And she became the main muse of the master. The image of his wife is immortalized by a famous portrait painter with extraordinary tenderness.
Family happiness coincided with a creative take-off -Rembrandt began to receive highly paid orders from wealthy people. And at the same time he had many students. The artist was finally able to purchase his own house. Rembrandt van Rijn, whose brief biography is presented in the article, not only wrote a lot, but also read the talent of other masters. He was collecting, collecting authentic Persian miniatures, shells, vases and antique busts. In his new house there was enough space for the workshop, for the living rooms, and for the special room where the works of Raphael, Dürer and Mantegna were kept.
So began his creative journey Rembrandt, briefwhose biography includes only one small period of recognition and success, namely, the 30s. At this time, the artist wrote more than sixty portraits. The most famous of them is “Danae”. In the period of work on this painting the painter was at the zenith of fame.
But suddenly everything changed:three children died, the beloved wife died. Soon he lost his mother and sisters. Rembrandt was left alone with his young son. Life has cracked, which has not lasted until the end of his days.
Poverty
In the 50s, orders became less and lessless. Well-off people no longer needed his portraits. In the churches, paintings are also not required. This was explained by the fact that Protestantism nevertheless won in Holland, whose representatives very negatively viewed the use of religious motives in the visual arts.
In addition, outstanding debts have been felt.An official lawsuit was filed against Rembrandt. He was declared insolvent, and all property was sold out. But even after that, not all creditors were satisfied, and the court ruled that the pictures that will be created in the future should also go towards the repayment of the remaining debts. All this meant an absolutely miserable existence.
A painter who in the past has known fame and fortuneat the turn of fifty, he turned into a lonely, forgotten poor man. Although he still wrote a lot, but all his canvases were immediately taken away by creditors. Consolation was the second wife, with whom Rembrandt was only in a civil marriage, which was very disapprovingly perceived by society. However, marriage to this woman meant for him the loss of custody of her son.
So began a new difficult period, which is stillRembrandt Harmens van Rhine was unusually courageous. The artist’s biography from this point on consists of more sorrows, and even if there were moments of enlightenment, then just for a while, and then some tragedy happened again.
Hendrickje
The image of the second wife is also captured on the canvasesfamous painter. By youth and beauty, she was inferior to the first, but the artist looked at her with the eyes of love and portrayed with great warmth. But the church condemned his lifestyle, and the daughter, who was presented to Rembrandt by his second wife, was declared illegitimate. The poor situation led to the fact that the painter's family was forced to move to one of the poorest districts of Amsterdam.
Rembrandt, whose biography contains manysad facts, know true love. And Hendrickje was not only a caring and loving wife, but also distinguished by extraordinary kindness. This woman was able to replace the mother of Rembrandt’s son from her first marriage.
At the time, it was possible to correct the materialposition. In this, the artist was helped by a son who, together with his stepmother, opened an antique shop. But fate continued to experience the artist. In 1663, he lost his beloved Hendrickje Rembrandt.
The biography and books devoted to the life story of the great master narrate that there was another muse in his life. This woman was much younger than Rembrandt, but her unfortunate artist survived.
The son died five years after the death of Hendrickje.With Rembrandt there was only a daughter, who at the time was fourteen. But, in spite of everything, the painter did not stop on his laurels and did not give up. He also continued to paint, cut engravings ...
In 1669, the great painter died in the arms of his daughter. He left quietly and unnoticed. And his talent was appreciated only after his death.
Creation
Biography of Rembrandt - the biography of the martyr.His work is the pinnacle of Dutch painting. This master, however, was extremely lonely among his fellow art. Contemporaries did not recognize him. But a great influence on the work of the Dutch painter had the art of Baroque, and above all the work of Michelangelo.
Художник писал то, что видел собственными глазами in real life. Biography of Rembrandt says that his life was formed in such a way that he had the opportunity to see the world around us without embellishment. The sad experience of contemplation, he transferred to the canvas. But the way he did it, differed extraordinary poetic. On the canvases of Van Rhine always reigns twilight. Gentle golden light highlights the figures from it.
Bible motives
Important place in the work of the Dutch artistoccupied religion. It was here that he showed the uniqueness of his skill. The main source of inspiration throughout Rembrandt’s career was biblical scenes. Even when paintings on religious subjects no longer in demand, he wrote them for himself, because he felt an insurmountable need for it. In the canvases dedicated to this topic, he put his soul, his prayer, and a deep reading of the Gospel.
The latest work of the artist is striking.And the first thing that catches your eye is the elegance of style, the depth of penetration into the inner world of artistic images. Biography of Rembrandt and his paintings seem to have no connection. The images on the canvases are so peaceful that it can not be combined with the difficult tragic fate of the author.
New genre
In recent years, the artist often wroteself portraits. When you look at them, it seems that Rembrandt was trying to unravel his own life. Looking at them like in a mirror, he sought to know his destiny and God's plan, which so fancifully led him through life. His self-portraits were not only the pinnacle of creativity. There is nothing like this in world art. These canvases have no analogues in the history of portrait painting.
On the last self-portraits there is a person withinspired person who heroically endures difficult trials and overcomes the bitterness of loss. Rembrandt is the founder of a kind of portrait biography genre. Such pictures convey not only the appearance, but also the fate of a person, his inner world.
Biography and Rembrandt FiftiesThe years are marked primarily by outstanding achievements in writing a portrait. During this period, his work was distinguished, as a rule, by an impressive size, monumental form and calm, peaceful postures. The models often sat in pompous deep chairs, folding their hands on their knees and turning their faces to the viewer. One of the characteristic features of a great portrait painter is the highlighting of faces and hands with light.
As a rule, the models were middle-aged people,wise with hard life experience - old men and old women with a deep seal of gloomy thoughts on their face and overwork on their hands. Such models provided the artist with the opportunity to brilliantly demonstrate not only the outward signs of an old age, but also the inner world of a person. In the extraordinarily heartfelt portraits of the great Rembrandt, one can experience the life of a person with a long study. When the master portrayed loved ones, friends, unfamiliar old people, urban beggars, he with amazing vigilance could transmit slightly perceptible spiritual movements, lively trembling in the face and even a change of mood.
The heritage of this master is enormous.Rembrandt had an incredible performance: he created more than two hundred and fifty paintings, three hundred engravings and thousands of drawings. The great master died in poverty. And only after death began to be valued expensive paintings, which created Rembrandt.
Brief biography and work of the Dutchpainter set out in this article. But this gives a very superficial concept of the difficult path of a genius who played a prominent role in the development of world fine art. Today the paintings of the master are in many museums of the world and are included in private collections.
