Today, reinforced concrete has become familiar to everyone.steps, and not so long ago they were a real innovation in the field of construction. The combination of concrete and metal frame made it possible to form a durable and strong combination, which is in high demand today.
Universal material
For the places having big passability,concrete steps are optimal. They do not appear side chips, cracks, scratches, stripes from the heels. Also, they do not spoil from such atmospheric phenomena as wind, rain and snow. The plane does not absorb dirt and water, is easy to wash. Concrete products are found almost everywhere, thanks to the variety of sizes, simplified installation and durability. GOST concrete regulates steps depending on their main component. And the most common are the steps of GOST 8717.1-84.
Often for the production of concrete used a mixtureheavy, lightweight and silicate concrete. Created products become practically invulnerable and designed for use at temperatures up to -40 ° C. They are able to withstand 300 freezing cycles, while the appearance and composition remain almost unchanged. That is why elements of concrete have become widespread in many countries for the transformation of territories and the erection of buildings.
Possibilities of use
Concrete steps for stairs can beused for screw and marching options, fixed on a monolithic basis or kosourah. They have a prefabricated structure, so there is the possibility of easy replacement of one or several steps.
This staircase will look harmonious as ifleaving the private house, and in a building with many floors. Concrete steps are used for stairs and in confined spaces. A prefab may have any size, width and height. But in one turn of the stairs there should be at least 15 elements.
Types
At first glance it may seem that the steps are all the same, but they are divided into several types:
- Нижняя фризовая ступень.It is the connecting element between the lower step of the stairs and the floor. It differs from the main one only by the presence of a special console, due to which the fixing on the floor slab is carried out.
- Frieze high stage. It implements the same functions as the bottom, and is located between the upper part of the stairs and the platform.
- The main steps are applied throughout the flight of stairs.
- Platform liner. It is a special stage, mounted after the main one. It is designed for a short load.
Виды ЖБИ, перечисленные выше, находят свое application both in external, and in internal works. Even on a small porch, the descent should have frieze steps, liner and main steps. So the design is able to transfer all the loads.
Material for manufacturing
To create concrete steps, use different types of source material:
- Silicate concrete.It is a modern variation of the construction of artificial material. It is produced by the method of mixing quartz sand, quick ground lime and quartz ground sand. The material, depending on the fillers used, can be cellular, medium dense and dense. It is often used to create support and bearing ceilings.
- Lightweight type of concrete.It is similar to pumice on the cut and is made of porous mineral and organic aggregates. This may be arbolit, vermiculite and others. It acquired its name due to the porous internal structure. The composition affects both the appearance and the properties of the product. This type has a high strength, despite the heterogeneous structure.
- Heavy concrete. It is the most popular.Filling base divides it into areas of application and brand. It is made of gravel, sand and quartz. The resulting products have been applied in the underwater, internal and ground work. It is possible to manufacture both individual elements and monolithic staircases.
Appearance
There are established standards and requirements forthe parameters of the steps and their appearance. So, on the side of the product must necessarily be a specialized mount or loop, to be able to install the railing. The bottom is a nest for fixing and securing steps. Embedded fixtures are used to connect the kosour and ladder. Particular attention is paid to the coincidence of the axes of the step and kosoura.
ZhB-designs are divided into right-hand andleft-sided. Finding fastener parts for the railing depends on this parameter. It is also worth noting the elevation angle. Stairs with a steep slope are used to descend from the attic or porch. In this case, the appearance does not matter, and the steps themselves concrete dimensions are up to 17 cm in height. After installation, they are usually made out of metal plates and decorative elements. And, thanks to carefully selected facing, transformation of the most unsightly ladder is possible.
Ступени бетонные различаются и по внешним characteristics. They are standard, made from a heavy type of material. If silicate or light is used as the basis, then the heavy one will be used as the top layer. An artificial non-erasable coating may be present on the surface.
The construction on kosoura can be both outside and inside the building. The appearance of a narrow descent to the basement or a neat little staircase will not spoil the reinforced concrete and concrete steps. Dimensions products may vary, depending on the wishes of the customer, but mainly produced steps, whose height is 33 mm, width - 150 mm, and length - 1050 mm.
Addition of design
For special decoration of the described structureswidely used color mosaic. Because of this, it was possible to combine fashion trends and cement strength. In addition, the steps are made with handrails or without them (to give ease of construction). But the railing is still not worth giving up, to increase safety. And if you can not install them, it is desirable to have a support wall.
Advantages
Concrete steps are the best choice. They have almost no flaws. It should be noted their main advantages:
- Practicality. If a ladder of an unpresentable gray look is not suitable, it can be faced with ceramic granite, clinker or tiles.
- Strength. No damage with increased daily loads, the material can withstand any shocks and damage.
- Versatility. It can be used in any buildings, be it a townhouse, a high-rise building, an airport, a railway station, a school, or a hospital.
- Durability. Concrete steps will stand without chips and cracks for at least ten years.
