Meet absolutely at every dacha sitenot every flower is possible. As a rule, the most beautiful specimens require special care, which not every gardener can provide, but petunias are not particularly freakish, although it looks simply delicious. This plant is chosen for planting in flower beds, flowerpots, curb lines and for completing all sorts of floral arrangements. A wide choice of its varieties and colors allows the plant to harmoniously coexist with any colors and to please the eyes of the owner of the site, and how to plant petunia on the seedlings and take care of it, is described in the article below.
Varieties of varieties
На данный момент селекционеры вывели уже более 25 varieties of annual and perennial petunia, but not all of them can grow in open ground conditions without special care. In summer-resort areas, annual plants of the following varieties are most often found:
- Cascading.This petunia is often called ampelnaya, and it is found more often than others. Its stems are very long, the flowers are quite large. Most varieties are grown in hanging flowerpots and in flower beds to cover the soil. Culture is growing rapidly and is well tolerated by the cold. The most popular varieties of cascade petunia are Rapunzel, Mashenka, Saln Magic and Lavina.
- Large-flowered.The plant of these varieties grows no more than 45 cm in height, and its inflorescences have a diameter of 6-10 cm. It is best to plant petunia in flower beds or ground pots, as their buds will be clearly visible only from above. Such flowers are thermophilic and more demanding to care, so to get decent seedlings, you need to follow all the recommendations when you can plant petunia in different regions. The most common varieties of grandiflora are the Maestro, Hit Parade, Miss Blanche, Mambo F1 and Limbaugh F1.
- Occurs in the areas and small-flowered petunia.Its flowering is the longest, the stems are long, but the buds themselves do not grow more than 6 cm in diameter. Such varieties do not differ in unpretentiousness, because they do not tolerate the wind and rain. The most popular are Fantasy, Mirage and Plashkrystalz.
Folk signs
Как правильно сажать петунию, наши предки не could determine by the lunar calendar, since it was simply not there. For them, the basic rules were for years the prevailing signs, actual to this day. So, according to folk wisdom, planting a flower on Palm Sunday is strictly prohibited. Such plants will necessarily die or will be ill all summer, not giving proper flowering.
They believed in the fact that they sow and plant inA soil plant is needed on a certain day of the week. When planting petunia, suggests in this case, the belief that the day of the week for work should begin with the same letter as the name of the culture. That is, plant the flower only on Friday and Monday. If the disembarkation is carried out on the day beginning with the letter "C", then the plant will not grow at all.
A similar situation is observed with the time of work. Since to admire the flowering of petunia, many go out in the evening, when the summer heat falls, then you should plant flowers too in the evening.
It is believed that a large carrot crop affects the flowering of the plant, so after harvesting the sown flowers will bloom especially abundantly.
People's signs refer not only to when to plant petunia. Many believe that the more people take part in planting and planting, the more buds will be on the plant throughout the season.
Time of seeding
Depending on the weather conditions andthe location of the region the flower is sown at different times. The common period for this is the end of winter and the beginning of spring, but more precise terms depend on the specific geographical location. For northern regions, the Urals, Leningrad and Moscow regions, the optimal time for sowing will be the middle of March. Completely strengthened and ready for planting in the soil while seedlings only by mid-June.
In the conditions of the middle belt, it is possible to start sowing at the end of February, and sometimes at the end of January. The transplantation into the ground is carried out at least 90 days later, and flowering will begin already in early summer.
In the southern regions, sowing can be safely carried out inlate or even mid-January. Buds will open in May. By the way, in order to get the May flowering in the northern regions from Petunia, it is necessary to place the seeds in the soil not later than the first days of March and must additionally highlight the seedlings.
Before planting petunia on the seedlings, you needtake into account its varietal identity. So, cascade varieties are recommended for sowing in January-February and, if possible, in pots. Dwarf and shrubby petunias are best sown closer to spring, not earlier than the end of February.
If the flowers are sown immediately in the greenhouse, the timing will fluctuate within the last two months of winter, regardless of the plant variety.
We plant petunia on seedlings on the lunar calendar
Petunia is different from many cultivated blossomsplants high germination of seeds. On average, the indicator is at around 70-80%, which is not typical for all colors. Many are confident that this figure can be improved by planting plants according to the lunar calendar, because the phases of the Earth's satellite affect absolutely everything living on the planet. The calendar thus changes annually, and when you plant petunia according to the lunar calendar this year, you can learn from the following list:
- Suitable days. In February: 14, 15, 21 and 22.In March: 1, 13, 14 and 15. Rarely, but it is possible to sow in April, depending on the location of the region. So, in the second month of spring it is better to carry out works 17-20 and 25-28.
- Unfavorable days. They are actually few, in February this is 15, in March - 2 and 17, and in April - 16.
- Neutral dates.If there is no time for sowing in a favorable day for sowing, or if the weather simply does not have it, you can land on acceptable neutral dates. In February this: 17, 18 and 23. In March: 20-23, 29-31. In April from 9 to 11.
Soil Preparation
Regardless of when to plant a petunia - inFebruary or March, the soil should be prepared in advance and by general recommendations. Though a plant and unpretentious, but abundant blossom is only possible in a nutrient medium. It is possible to buy seedlings for seedlings, or you can prepare it yourself.
The main thing is that the mixture was slightly acidic and enriched with nutrients. The best composition is considered to be the soil, consisting of:
- sand pieces;
- two parts of humus;
- two parts peat;
- two parts of turf land;
- a small amount of a baking powder for the earth and mineral fertilizer.
Sowing rules
To properly plant petunia seedlings,other rules need to be considered. Capacities for seeds must have drainage holes, and their location in the future to be sunny and protected from drafts.
Since the seeds of the plant are very small, forconvenience of their uniform distribution over the soil is recommended to pre-mix planting material with a small amount of sand. They do not need to be deepened; sand with seeds is simply distributed over the surface of the soil and is covered with snow from above. If you wish, you can first spread the snow on the ground, and then pour the seeds on it. This step is necessary for hardening the seeds, moreover, with the gradual thawing of snow, the seeds will sink into the soil, and the ground itself will be sufficiently compacted.
To plant petunias at home, it is necessary to provide an air temperature of 23-25 aboutWITH.It is in such conditions that the seedlings should germinate, and after the first seedlings are spitting, the temperature can already be reduced by 3-5 degrees. This happens no earlier than 2 weeks, the main thing is to provide the seeds with sufficient moisture and after sowing cover the container with film.
When the seedlings will already have several pairsleaves, it must be dived and transplanted into more spacious containers. Favorable days for such a procedure are February 9 and 10, March 8-10 and April 4-6.
How to put petunia in peat tablets
This kind of soil recentlyvery popular among gardeners. Peat tablets represent the peat pressed in a different form with mineral fertilizers. The size of the tablets is very small, each costs about 5 rubles and is ideal for almost any seedlings. How to put petunia in peat tablets? To do this, they must be soaked in water before swelling, and then transferred to planting tanks. Place 2-3 seeds of a flower on each washer, cover the containers with a film and place them in a warm place. Tablets need to regularly moisten and collect condensate from the film, as in the case of growing in ordinary soil.
Landing in the "snail"
Recently, another type of planting seeds of various plants is gaining popularity.
Unlike the variant where it is described how to plantpetunia in peat washers, do not have to buy absolutely nothing. For the manufacture of planting capacity will need only a roll of toilet paper, water for irrigation and the seeds themselves.
So, the paper needs to be unrolled and spread in3-5 layers on the bare floor or put a film under it, if the process will be carried out on the carpet. After that, the entire surface of the paper must be moistened with water using a spray bottle and the seeds spread out at a distance of 1-2 cm from its top edge. It is very important to keep a sufficient distance between the planting material so that the seedlings will not die due to lack of space. It is enough to arrange the seeds at a distance of 3-5 cm. After that, the roll rolls back and the resulting “snail” is fastened with an elastic band. The edge with seeds must be on top of the design. After that, the roll is put on a pallet and also covered with a film, only completely. It is best to simply put on a package or a cut bottle and put everything in a warm place. The advantage of this method is in the speed of planting, low cost and the absence of injury to the roots when further picking.
Landing rules
Knowledge of how to seed a petunia is not enoughfor growing strong flower. It is necessary to know the timing of planting in an open ground, as well as the preferences of the culture to the composition of the soil and the location.
So, petunia equally loves light and shadow, thereforethe site should not be covered all day, giving the plant the opportunity to relax in the shade. The soil for a flower should not contain a lot of peat and sand, and the distance between the bushes should be at least 25 cm.
When to plant petunia on a permanent place?The timing depends not only on the maturity of the seedlings, but also on the temperature outside. You can not make a plant in the open ground, if the average daily temperature does not exceed 10 aboutC. In addition, the soil temperature should be at least 15 aboutC, which means, in a hurry to get an early flowering, you can simply ruin the plant.
When to plant a flower in the ground in phases of the moon
According to the phases of the Earth’s satellite, the effect on growththe culture in the future has not only the correctly chosen date of sowing, but also the time of transplanting seedlings to a permanent place. When choosing the appropriate number, it should be remembered that at the time of transfer the plant should already be at least 90 days, so the transplant is carried out not earlier than May.
In May, the 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19 and 24-28 numbers are considered favorable for this. If the transplant is carried out in June, then it is best to carry out its 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 or 20-25 numbers.
In case of bad weather, the plant-friendly time can be transferred to a valid neutral day. There are enough of them in the calendar:
- in May - 1-5, 12, 16, 17, 23, 30 and 31;
- in June - 1, 2, 9, 19, 26, 27 and 29.
In no case should not transfer the plant to a permanent place from 7 to 9 May, as well as 15, 21 and 29. In June, the forbidden days are 3-6, 13, 17, 28 and 30.
According to experts, with all recommendations followed, the petunia will grow strong and will bloom profusely throughout the season.
Rules for watering and feeding
The lunar calendar has recommendations not only onchoosing a time when planting petunia seeds for seedlings or planting adult seedlings in the ground. According to the phases of the satellite of the Earth, many gardeners determine the time for watering a flower. The rule here is regularity and moderation, so it’s not necessary to water the plant every day, even if the favorable dates follow each other.
So, it is best to moisturize the petunias from 6 to 8, from 16 to 18 and from 26 to 28 February. In March, the best numbers will be 6-7, 16-17, 24-26. In April 2-3, 12-13, 21-22 and 29-30.
В эти же даты рекомендуется и вносить удобрения.According to the calendar, the interval between favorable numbers is just 10 days, which is the optimal time between feeding additional crops. Certain adjustments should be made only when choosing between mineral and organic fertilizers. The first are recommended to be brought in during growth of the Moon, and the second - during descending.
Of course, guided by these rules,We should not forget about the basic requirements for growing petunias. Even if on the most favorable days you overdo it with watering, the plant will simply rot, there will be no growth, let alone flowering. If possible, water for irrigation should be used rain or thawed, well, or defend water supply. Pouring the liquid should be strictly under the root of the flower, and if it grows in a pot or a pot, then generally in the pan.
For top dressing to bring maximum benefit, it should be done the next day after moistening. It is better if the moon at this time will not be in Aries, Sagittarius or Leo.
After picking, the first dressing shouldoccur no earlier than 2 weeks. From organic matter, it is better not to use fresh manure at all, since a large concentration of nitrogen in it provokes a riot of green mass at the expense of flowering.
Lighting and temperature
For flower seedlings the light day should last12-14 hours, so in the winter they must be additionally highlighted. You can use for this special fitolampy or ordinary desktop with daylight.
How to plant petunia seedlings for furtheractive growth, of course, but the wrong place for an adult plant in the open field can spoil all previous efforts. To avoid this, it is necessary to choose a well-lit place with shading in the morning or afternoon. A good source of light, of course, is a growth stimulator, but constant illumination, especially in the summer heat, can simply burn the plants.
As for the temperature, during germination, it should not fall below 23 aboutC, but after germs appear, it can be reduced to 20 aboutWITH.While the seedlings are under the film, it is very important to remove large amounts of condensate in a timely manner. Such aeration and removal of excess fluid is a good prevention of many fungal diseases in the future.
Petunia care also includespinching the tops of the plant, which is carried out in the phase of the fifth leaf. This technique is necessary for greater bushiness of the flower, and, consequently, to increase the number of its buds. Removal of dry leaves and bleached buds is necessary only for aesthetics and does not affect the growth of petunia.
Flower Hazards
For the prevention of fungal diseases flowerIt is recommended to water moderately, but if the petunia grows in open ground, it will not work to cover it from rain. To prevent the disease "black leg" at the same time, it should according to the instructions to process bushes antifungal medication.
From rot that has already spread to the plant orpowdery mildew to get rid of will not work. Such specimens should be immediately removed and burned, and the plants adjacent to them should be treated with an antifungal agent as a matter of urgency. The most popular is "Fitosporin".
When planting petunia in March fails indue to the location of the region, shoots may suffer from a lack of light. In this case, the seedlings are strongly drawn out, and only additional highlighting will help correct the situation. Already sprouting sprouts at the same time need to sprinkle with earth for rooting.
To prevent the occurrence of pests, flowers can be treated with soapy water or special chemicals. They will also help with already appeared slugs, whiteflies or aphids.
General recommendations for the prevention of diseases are sowing of proven quality seeds, compliance with recommendations for sowing and planting, as well as the rules for caring for an adult plant.
