На сегодняшний день в мире насчитывается свыше 100 thousand species of animals and plants that live on our planet with us. Many of them play an important role in the biological food chain, without which existing biogenesis is unthinkable. For the convenience of studying the plant and animal kingdom, scientists all over the world have long since brought all known living organisms into a definite classification, combining them according to common biological features. In determining any animal, insect or plant to a particular species, the main role is played by homologous organs, which represent the same structure of certain organs in animals and birds.
So, for example, homologous organs in allbirds are wings and plumage, all animals have four limbs, plants have leaves and flowers, and so on. Due to this, we all divide animals, birds, plants and fish known to us into certain groups and species. It is noteworthy that each species has its own similar and different features, which are fundamental when comparing them with other living organisms.
Homologous organs are the most importantspecific characteristics of a particular type of organism, which also allow the animal to live in a particular environment. Thus, all fish living in freshwater bodies and lakes have a scaly surface, which plays the role of a protective spacesuit, allowing the fish to be invisible in the water, easy to avoid stalking, and also to protect themselves from possible attacks from other biological species. The same homologous organs in all fish on the planet are the tail and fins, thanks to which the fish can swim in the water.
Само понятие гомологичные органы происходит от the Latin word "homos", which means "the same." That is, these are organs that have the same structure, as well as a similar location in the organism of animals or plants. However, this similarity does not allow us to speak about their identical functions, since they can be just completely different. As an example, we can give the same structure of the skeletal system of the forelimbs in all animals and birds. However, animals use them for movement over land, and birds for flight, although if you disassemble their internal structure, it will have very similar signs.
Если говорить о царстве растений, то их homologous organs are represented by petals, stamens, stem, root system and fruits. Every plant has a thread-branched root, which exists to keep the plant on the ground and also to be fed with ash, mineral, and organic substances found in the soil. The lamellar leaves of plants are used to assimilate carbon and evaporate moisture, and a long, elongated stem is needed to bring to the surface light and air assimilating flowers and leaves for better pollination and reproduction of the plant.
Scientists have discovered homologous plant organsback in ancient times, and in compiling their scientific works, many philosophers cited as an example the life of the kingdom of animals and plants as the basis for the harmonious existence of all biological creatures on our planet. It should also be understood that in the course of their evolutionary development, many plants and animals underwent a certain transformation, as a result of which some organs lost their significance and atrophied, while others, on the contrary, developed, strengthened and occupied the main role in the life of a living being. Thus, scientists are once again convinced of the correctness of a simple biological truth - if a body is not used, then it gradually dies off, allowing others to develop more and better.
Summarizing the above, you canto summarize that homologous organs are the most important organs of biological creatures that have the same morphological significance, but can perform completely different functions depending on the type of plants or animal species. Despite the accumulated knowledge of scientists in this matter, there is still a place for further research.
