To date, many people dream of building a houseyour dream, equip it according to your own preferences and live comfortably in it for as long as possible. The foundation should be given special attention when building a house, because it depends not only on how much the building will stand, but also on the level of security of living in it. The quality of the foundation, in turn, is affected not only by the brand of concrete, but also by reinforcement. If the construction of the house is planned from modern materials with low weight, then there are no special requirements for the foundation, however, when building a multi-storey building of strong materials, reinforcement of the foundation is mandatory, since such a structure will create a rather large load. Therefore, every man who plans to build a house must know how to reinforce the ribbon foundation with his own hands.
What will be required in the course of the work?
Before proceeding with the erection of a reinforced foundation, all necessary tools must first be prepared.
In the process of performing the work you will need:
- scissors on the fixture;
- Bulgarian;
- pliers;
- a hammer;
- plastic pads;
- special fixatives;
- roulette;
- machine for bending of reinforcement;
- steel wire;
- metal clips;
- hook.
In addition to tools, it is recommended in advanceDetermine what kind of knitting technology you will use. It should be noted that the armature can be bent manually or with the help of special machines, which you can do yourself at home.
Making a machine for folding
With the question of whether it is necessary to reinforce foundations,we have decided, so now you can talk about how to do it. The first thing to do is to make a special machine, which will greatly simplify the work. For its manufacture, two steel pipes with a cross section of 20 mm and a length of 0.5 and 1 meter, respectively, will be needed.
Then just follow the instructions below:
- In a half-meter pipe, cut two grooves 5 cm apart, between which leave 1.5 centimeters.
- The pipe is bent at an angle of 90 degrees and fixed on a secure base.
Bending rods with such self-madeThe machine is very simple. One of its ends is inserted into the short tube, and the other end into the long one, after which the rod is bent at the right angle. This will make it possible to make a reliable and durable reinforced foundation with their own hands without much difficulty and with minimal physical effort.
Viscosity of the armature
Filling reinforced base begins withbinding reinforcement, which is necessary for the rods to be firmly connected to each other, and the future foundation is more durable and durable. Knit armature can be in various ways, which will be discussed later.
Method one
Many professionals who talk about how,how to properly reinforce the foundation, for binding reinforcement wire is used. This is due to the fact that this method is the simplest and fastest. It is based on the fact that the rods are fastened with twenty-centimeters of steel wire. However, this will require a special hook, with which it is much easier to twist the wire.
Method of the second
Another common way of knittingis the connection of the rods special clips that can be bought in any specialized store. Each end of the paper clip is attached to its rod, resulting in a very strong connection.
Method Three
How to reinforce the foundation to make itreliable and durable? For this, the reinforcement is lapped, which makes the frame more durable. However, it is very important to observe a certain length of overlap. Experienced builders say that it must be at least thirty diameters of the reinforcement.
Method Four
If the structure is very heavy andIt is assumed that the load on the foundation is high, then the reinforcement is best sealed with welded seams. The welding technology depends on the diameter of the steel rods. An important role in this is played by the type of reinforcement. It is best to buy rods with ribbed edges, as they provide better adhesion to concrete.
Types of bases suitable for reinforcement
Before you begin to work, you first need to figure out how to reinforce the foundation. It is necessary to find out what types of foundations are to be reinforced.
Today, it is possible to increase the strength of the following types of foundations:
- columnar;
- tape;
- plate.
It is important to understand that each variety of the foundation has its own characteristics and is reinforced differently, so you need to elaborate on each of them.
Reinforcement of the columnar base
How to reinforce the pillar-type foundation?Very simple. To do this, you need 6 rods with a ribbed base with a diameter of 12 mm, as well as ordinary rods of 6 mm cross-section for knitting. Reinforcement should be carried out so that after pouring the concrete the rods protrude from it approximately 10 mm.
Reinforcement of the tape base
Many people are interested in the question of howreinforce the ribbon foundation. This is due to the fact that this type of foundation is the most common because of its simplicity of erection. The reinforcement in this case is laid in layers, the number of which depends on the dimensions of the monolithic base. The distance between the rods can be from 15 to 25 cm.
In most cases, the strip foundationhas dimensions of 400x500 mm. When reinforcing, it is necessary to retreat 100 millimeters from each side of the base. When laying the rods between them leave about 35 centimeters.
Now you know how to properly reinforceribbon foundation, but the strength and durability of the substrate also depends on the brand of concrete and the type of reinforcement. It is best to use ribbed mixes and high strength concrete.
Reinforcement of the slab foundation
The tile base has the loweststrength, so when pouring reinforcement is mandatory. In this case, the rods must be secured with welded joints. Any other types of matings are not suitable, because they are not able to provide sufficient strength and stiffness of the carcass. In addition, to ensure that the base does not break, the reinforcement must be completely immersed in concrete.
To make the reinforced slab base come outquality, its thickness should be 300 mm, and the gaps between vertical and horizontal rods should not exceed 350 mm. In addition, the distance from the edges of the plate should not be more than five millimeters.
Reinforcement of the foundation for an apartment house: advice of professionals
Everyone who wants to buildown home, thinks about how to reinforce the foundation under the house. And this is not surprising, because strengthening the base will prevent the subsidence of the foundation. However, it should take into account a lot of nuances.
If the foundation will have a lowstrength, then there are additional risks to the building. In addition, when pouring a foundation with concrete, one should take into account the fact that this material has very low ductility, therefore under the influence of external negative factors, the base is often deformed and cracked.
If you live in a region with a harsh climate, severe frosts with an uneven distribution of the load on the foundation can cause the base to change its shape, and the building itself will lead.
Avoid all these problems will help reinforce the foundation under the house, because it has high strength and durability, and also does not change its shape and does not crack even under high loads.
Methods of reinforcement
Reinforcement of the base under the residential structure canbe vertical and horizontal. The second option contributes to a more even distribution of the load throughout the base. Vertical reinforcement is used as an additional measure to increase the strength of the substrate.
The process of reinforcing the base under the house
So, how to reinforce the foundation for a residential building?The first step is to calculate the parameters of the future foundation. This will allow you to select the reinforcement of a suitable thickness. Independently calculate the load that will build a building on the foundation, it is difficult, so it is better to seek help from professionals.
When the calculations are completed, you can start making the frame, which is performed in the following sequence:
- Selection and purchase of materials.
- Strapping the reinforcement in the intersection. To make the frame as durable and durable as possible, it is better to weld the rods with a welded seam.
- In the lower part of the frame, a reinforcing mesh is welded.
- Stacking reinforcing frame.
- To protect the frame from the negative effects of environmental factors, its upper part is cemented.
When the work on the manufacture of the frame is completed, you can proceed to pour the reinforced foundation.
To do this you need:
- Prepare a place where construction of the house will be carried out.
- Excavate the pit.
- Lay the sand cushion.
- Install the formwork and frame.
- Pour the concrete foundation.
- Wait until the mixture is completely dry and surface finish.
- Raise the base.
To build a quality and durable reinforced foundation, which will last for several decades, can only be strictly adhered to this instruction.
How much will reinforce the foundation
It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of whetherhow much will it cost to fill the reinforced base under the house. Here everything depends not only on the quality of materials, but also on the structural features of the building. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the cost of installation, which is impossible without the use of specialized equipment. If you live in a region with a harsh climate or build a house on a marshy area, it is recommended to add special additives to the concrete, increasing its operational characteristics, and it is also desirable to construct heat and waterproofing, which, in turn, imposes additional financial costs.
As it turned out, reinforcement of the foundation occupationUneasy, but very real. Most importantly, in the process of erection, adhere to a specific instruction for each type of foundation. In addition, during work, it is always necessary to comply with safety regulations.
