Construction of the road includes work, which is called grading. They are carried out when using special equipment - graders, graders.
What it is?
Road grading is done with the help of graders - this is the name of the subspecies of bulldozers. Do not do without this stage when you need to plan and profile:
- slope;
- plot;
- site;
- the road.
Grading involves ranking by layers.With regard to construction, it looks like this. The grader is equipped with knives, dumps. Operating with them, the driver of the bulldozer can move the layers of building materials vertically, horizontally, which forms the profile of the treated surface. Graders equip tusks, pickaxes, with which the operator reveals dense rocks or destroys the already existing road surface.
Road grading for private constructionorganized as follows: they apply to a company that offers special equipment for rent, they hire an operator. If you have to handle a small area (for example, access from the highway within a kilometer), it is likely that one working day is enough. Specific figures are determined by the power, performance of the machine, availability of consumables.
How to build roads?
During the construction of roads, the technology of grading roads is strictly observed. This is the key to the durability of the coating. Consider the nuances of creating a path on the example of a dirt road.
Современные грунтовки покрывают естественными grounds, which is why the name was chosen. Work begins with the delivery of the soil from which the protruding profile is formed. The task is simple, in comparison with other types, the dirt road is cheaper, suitable for areas where the traffic flow is low. In the hot month, it is dusty, it becomes limp in the rainy season, but with seasonal use (for example, as an entrance to the cottage) it is quite suitable.
Construction consists of steps such as:
- cleaning the site;
- marking of the trough;
- removal of vegetation;
- removal of soil by the grader;
- soil tamping along the profile;
- surface rolling.
As you can see, grading roads according to GOST -key stage of construction, the guarantee of durability of the finished path. Improvements in performance can be achieved by using special soils and using the most modern productive machines. Motor graders are used to mix the binder component and the soil. Next, the machine is operated to evenly lay the mixture inside the trough while maintaining a constant thickness of 15 cm. If the complexity of the work requires greater thickness, the grader is used in two approaches.
Four more grader passes are needed to level the surface of the future road. The last pass is made additionally with a template-iron. This ensures a smooth surface.
Grader: features
Road grading is done by motor graders. Machines are required for:
- transportation of building materials;
- leveling the surface;
- planning of the future road;
- profiling of the working platform.
Scope of graders:
- repair;
- construction;
- cleaning;
- work on hydrotechnical objects.
The grader is equipped with a blade with a knife.This is the main working body of the machine, mounted on the frame. The blade is raised, lowered, deployed vertically, horizontally. Movement provided by the engine and controlled by the control system: hydraulic or mechanical.
Some machines are equipped with a pickaxe. This is a frame with 7-11 teeth, used in the repair for the destruction of the old road surface.
Special equipment is indispensable for the creation and operation of roads, airfields, has found wide application in agriculture.
For the grader, the knives are made from 2.5 to 4.5 m. The standard machine capacity is 45 m.3/ h.
Hydraulic control system allowsinstallation of automatic leveling. Such a machine simplifies the work of the driver, ensures that the surface to be profiled will have the specified parameters with a reduced number of approaches. Economic, technical indicators of the device are higher than those of other types.
Road from rubble
Grading roads during construction from rubble is irreplaceable. Its key feature is the installation directly on the ground. The coating thickness is about 16 cm, and the width does not exceed 10 m.
For greater strength, the road may consist oftwo layers of rubble. And it is here that the graders come to the rescue, whose work begins after the completion of the backfilling of the zone. Only after the passage of graders, and not just once, put the top layer.
The road of rubble is long only with regular preventive maintenance. Irregularities are corrected by a grader. Work is being carried out on the coating, pre-abundantly spilled with water.
