The content of education is a set of goals, typesactivities, methods, directions and other parameters that characterize the targeted impact on the child's personality. This takes into account the impact of external factors, as well as the individual characteristics of the nature of the child.
Definition of concept
Content nurturing representsa certain system, which includes a set of beliefs, personal qualities, behavioral characteristics and other features that a child must master in the process of purposeful influence. The basis of the following ideas:
- reality of goals (human development in accordance with his abilities and instincts);
- joint activities (study programs of studies, the search for topics and methods by teachers is carried out in close cooperation with the students);
- self-determination (the child should be given some freedom of action in the field of searching for hobbies, as well as establishing a life position);
- personal orientation (the child, his feelings and interests should be in the center of the educational process);
- voluntariness (work with children should be organized in such a way that they themselves express a desire to acquire this or that knowledge and skills);
- collectivity (in the process of education, children must be prepared for life in society).
Main types of education
The content of education can be expressed in its classification. It can be described as follows:
- According to the object:
- economic (explanation of the basic laws of financial relations);
- civil (learning the basic norms of life in society);
- intellectual (laws of logical thinking);
- international (knowledge of the characteristics of culture and life of different nations, as well as the development of respect and tolerance for them);
- legal (main aspects of the legislation);
- spiritual and moral (teaching norms of behavior and morality);
- aesthetic (education implies instilling a love of beauty);
- patriotic (developing a sense of responsibility to the Motherland).
- In accordance with the content:
- employment (training in basic work practices and reporting on the most common professions);
- mental education (development of mental abilities, expanding horizons);
- physical (development of endurance and learning the basics of a healthy lifestyle).
- In accordance with the form:
- school;
- family;
- confessional (religious).
- In relation to the teacher:
- democratic (the educator respects the pupils' point of view);
- free (not limited to the actions of pupils);
- authoritarian (strict teaching style, strict compliance with the program).
Content, principles of education
The formation of the child's personality occurs under the influence of teachers, parents and other subjects. The content of education can be expressed in its basic principles, which are as follows:
- Social orientation of educationimplies that children need to understand the importance of labor in a person’s life and society. A child from an early age should learn to respect someone else's work, as well as to perform a number of actions independently. In addition, the content of social education should be structured in such a way as to develop in children intolerance towards irresponsibility, idleness and other negative phenomena.
- In the process of interaction with the child the teachershould be based on positive emotions, as well as examples on the basis of which children should form certain traits and qualities. It is extremely important to show interest in the future of the child, and not just a formal performance of duties.
- Humanization of education consists primarily inhuman and sympathetic attitude of the teacher to the students. It is also necessary to show respect for the opinion of children, even if it disagrees with the generally accepted one. In the process of learning a child can not be humiliated or forced to something. For the educational process to be productive, it is important to create a friendly and trusting atmosphere.
- The personal principle of education is thatthat the teacher must take into account, respect and develop the individual characteristics of each individual student. To do this, it is well to get acquainted with the level of education, life principles, as well as the preferences and tastes of children.
- The principle of unity of educational effectsis that society, family, and educational institutions should work in one direction, and not contradict each other. In this case, the proper level of culture can be instilled in a child only by an educator who himself has the appropriate characteristics.
It is worth noting that the complex of these principlesis the content of education. They are binding and should be applied equally in the educational process. It is not necessary to single out certain principles or to neglect them.
Content and methods of education
At the moment there is a certain practicewhich is actively used by educators in the process of working with children. Thus, the content and methods of education can be classified as follows:
- Aimed at the formation of consciousness:
- convincing students of the correctness of a situation;
- an emotionally colored story that helps children acquire the skills of moral evaluation of norms of behavior;
- clarification is used when it is necessary to influence the consciousness of an individual child or group;
- ethical conversation unobtrusively forms the person’s identity;
- suggestion gives actions and thoughts of students a certain attitude;
- instruction implies a detailed explanation of the algorithm of actions in a given situation;
- dispute-competition of opposing opinions on a particular issue;
- report-unilateral information;
- An example helps to more clearly represent the norms of behavior.
- Aimed at shaping social behavior:
- an exercise is a repeated repetition of certain actions in order to form stable beliefs and skills;
- schooling makes it possible in the shortest possible time to instill in a pupil certain qualities through intensive training;
- pedagogical requirements demonstrate the student’s subordination to the teacher;
- the assignment helps develop a sense of responsibility in the pupil;
- educational situations are created artificially in order to visually explain certain rules.
- Aimed at stimulating activities:
- the competition makes the pupil a desire to stand out from the group and show the best results;
- encouragement motivates further success;
- punishment acts as a definite limiter, which causes fear of committing unlawful acts.
Goals and objectives of education
The goals and content of education are the ultimatecondition and a set of characteristics that are planned to instill in the child through systematic exercises. They can be both general and individual. In addition, depending on the time period, goals can be promising, current and medium-term. They are determined by teachers, as well as parents.
To achieve the goals, certaintasks. The content of education does not fundamentally change how detailed they are. Most often, tasks are compiled separately for each type. So, for mental education this will be the assimilation of information, the formation of horizons and the constant expansion of the sphere of interests. As for physical education, it can be the development of endurance, health promotion, as well as the achievement of success in a particular sporting field. As for the general tasks defined at the legislative level, the following should be noted:
- the formation of ideas about their own abilities and position in society;
- harmonious and comprehensive personality development;
- mastering the basic moral values that are generally accepted in society;
- formation of a civil position that will allow the child to become an active member of society in the future;
- development of initiative and interest in solving labor and collective tasks;
- the formation of a wide range of communication and communication skills.
Educational program
The content of the process of raising a child is reflected in the program, which is compiled on the basis of the following sections:
- the formation of a respectful and careful attitude to nature in all its manifestations;
- drawing up a general picture of ideas about cultural norms operating in society;
- the formation of an understanding that human life is of the highest value;
- understanding of the basics of social order;
- the formation of ideas about the lifestyle, which should lead a worthy member of society;
- preparation for choosing your own life path.
It is important to understand that these provisions are binding. Additional points may be entered.
Preschool education
The content of the education of preschoolers includesyourself two main points. First of all, a child must develop certain personal qualities. There is also a preparation for school. It should be noted that this process can take place both in special educational institutions and at home.
It is worth noting that in kindergartens contentPreschool education is strictly regulated and complies with established standards. If we talk about home schooling, here parents can make a number of mistakes. So, in no case should not cancel the "quiet time" in the afternoon. The child must rest from the loads. It is also unacceptable to imitate the school mode with calls, lessons and changes. Do not prematurely involve the child in the "adult" life, trying to learn with him the program of the first or second class.
Preschool education is based on the following principles:
- personality formation occurs in the process of activity;
- requirements for the child should not outweigh respect for him;
- in a strict pedagogical process there should always be a place for creativity and children's initiative;
- the content, the means of education must fully comply not only with the child’s age, but also with his individual abilities and level of development.
Preschool is the age from 3 to 7 years. This is a rather difficult and responsible period when the child must be prepared for a strict regime and the perception of significant amounts of information.
Features of physical education
Содержание физического воспитания представляет is a pedagogical process that is aimed at the development and improvement of various functions of the body, as well as the formation of various kinds of skills. It is worth noting that this phenomenon originated at the earliest historical stages, and was constantly improved. This direction should not be underestimated, because it is the basis for the full development of the individual.
During the school period, the content of physical education is reduced to the following provisions:
- the formation of motor skills and abilities;
- health promotion, as well as ensuring normal physical development, age-appropriate;
- development of a healthy lifestyle philosophy among pupils;
- the formation of interest in regular physical activity, as well as interest in certain sports.
Features of moral education
The content of moral education ispurposeful impact, which is intended to form a child a certain set of moral and aesthetic feelings, as well as behavioral skills that are generally accepted in society. It pursues certain tasks, the main ones among which are:
- the formation of consciousness, in accordance with moral standards;
- nurturing relevant feelings;
- development of behavioral skills corresponding to the ideas of morality and ethics.
Methods of this type of education can be divided into three main groups:
- the formation of moral consciousness (achieved through stories, lectures, conversations, suggestions, explanations, examples, and so on);
- the formation of behavioral experience (exercises can be used, simulation of situations, as well as instruction from teachers);
- stimulation of further development (can be achieved through rewards and punishments, as well as creating conditions for competition).
In the process of moral education the following goals should be achieved:
- understanding of the need to observe moral principles in all spheres of life;
- developing a sense of conscience;
- stimulation of further moral development and self-improvement;
- resilience and resistance to immoral phenomena, their public condemnation;
- tolerance and mercy towards others.
conclusions
The content of raising a child isa combination of types and methods of activity that are aimed at the formation of personality. His goals must be real, because you can not achieve more than at the moment allow physiological and mental abilities. It is also important to understand that education is a mutual process, and therefore it should be carried out in close cooperation with the child, and not by authoritarian influence. There must always be a place for self-determination. It should be noted that in the process of education it is always worth considering the feelings and interests of the child. There should be no place for coercion. It is better if in the process of upbringing the child will be in the team.
Parenting is divided into several classificationsigns. So, in accordance with the object, it can be economic, intellectual, civil, legal, international, patriotic, and so on. With regard to the content, then there may be labor, physical and mental education. If we talk about the form - school, religious and family. As for the style of the teacher, upbringing can be free, democratic, or authoritarian.
In the process of education is to adhere to the wholea number of principles. First of all, there must be a social orientation in order to instil in the child an understanding of the importance of work in public life from an early age. You should always rely on positive examples and emotions, as well as communicate with the child, as with a full-fledged personality, showing full respect for him. It is worth noting that all children have individual features that are certainly worth considering. It is also important to understand that the educational process in the family, society and educational institutions should have a single direction.
The goals and objectives of education are formulatedindividually, depending on the situation. Nevertheless, there is a generally accepted list in accordance with which educational processes are lined up. So, the child should get a clear picture of the structure of society and its role in it. Harmonious all-round development should also be ensured. Children should get a basic understanding of morality and ethics, as well as form a clear citizenship. It is necessary to develop in the child a sense of interest in solving collective problems, as well as develop communication skills.
Particular attention should be paid to preschool.education, especially if it is carried out at home. So, parents often make a mistake, trying to teach a child to a strict school regime, or trying to master with them a complex program of elementary classes. It is important to pay sufficient attention to physical, mental and moral development in accordance with the characteristics of a particular age period.
