The oil production process involvesspecial deep equipment, which is based on the so-called rocking machines. This is a kind of ground drive mechanism that operators manage during well operation. As a rule, oil pumping is based on the work of plunger pumps, providing the function of the mining infrastructure.
Appointment of oil rocking
Наиболее распространенный привод штангового The pump is designed for piling mining. With this unit, users master wells in permafrost conditions. Also popular are oil and gas equipment in the form of rocking chairs with single-arm balancers. Such machines are used as an individual drive for oil production.
In essence, any oil producing infrastructurefocused on the implementation of the raising of the resource. The general principle of operation of the equipment can be compared with the function of the syringe, which in this case is provided by sucker-rod pumps. Also, as an indispensable element, the oil pumping unit is equipped with columns of compression pipes. It is through these channels that the rise and transmission of oil is realized.
The process of oil production rocking
Технологическая организация процесса добычи divided into several stages. Work begins with the drilling of wells, the depth of which can reach several kilometers. As a rule, 1500-meter holes are developed, and record holders are 4000 m wells. Next, casing pipe strings are installed, which become the basis of the oil-producing infrastructure. The activator in this system will be the pump. To understand the principle of its operation, it is necessary to understand how the oil pumping unit works in the general structure of the pipeline. It performs the function of a drive mechanism, due to which reciprocating actions are performed. Rocking machines operate in a cyclical manner, allowing the oil to concentrate around the well to ensure efficient pumping. In addition, this principle of maintenance minimizes the wear of parts of the installation.
Rocking device
The machine is mounted on a special concrete base.in the form of a foundation. Here is the rack, platform and control station for the operator. After completion of work on the organization of the platform, a balance bar is placed, balanced by a special head, to which the rope suspension is also connected. To ensure the power impact, the oil pumping unit is equipped with a gearbox and an electric motor. The latter may be located under the platform, but due to the high risk of operating this configuration, this placement is used very rarely.
As for the gearbox, it is throughcrank mechanism is connected to the balancer. This bundle is designed to convert the rotational action of the shaft in the reciprocating function. Noteworthy is the task of the control station. As a rule, its basis is formed by a boxed complex with electrical filling. It is mandatory to install a manual mechanical brake next to the control relay.
Varieties
Despite the similar principle of working with oilresource, in the family of pumping machines are different modifications. As already noted, the most popular is considered a classic balanced machine, which provides for the rear fixing of the connecting rod, as well as a gearbox connected to the frame with balancer. But there is an alternative to this equipment. This is a hydraulic sucker rod pump that is mounted on the upper flange of the downhole fittings. Its features and benefits include the elimination of the need to install a foundation pillow. This difference is of great importance when it comes to the development of wells in permafrost zones. There are other features of hydraulic installations. In particular, they suggest the implementation of a stepless length adjustment, which makes it possible to select the operating modes of the equipment with greater accuracy.
Characteristics of pumping units
Technologists analyze a wide rangetechnical and operational parameters that give grounds for choosing one or another machine. In particular, the load on the rod, stroke length, gearbox dimensions, torque, oscillation frequency range, etc. are estimated.
One of the main characteristics of pumping machinesis the power of the motor. Thus, typical oil pumps cope with their functions under the condition that a force of 20-25 kW is applied. A deeper analysis of the parameters also includes taking into account the type of belt, the diameters of the pulleys and features of the brake system. At the same time, in addition to the operational working capabilities, one should also keep in mind the overall parameters that make it possible to install a particular machine in principle in certain conditions. Again, a typical installation may have a length of 7 m, and a width of about 2-2.5 m. The mass usually exceeds 10 tons.
How is rocking oil serviced?
To work with pumping units constructorsprovide for special arrangements. For example, a special platform with drive systems is mounted for servicing the traverse with the balance bar. Operators can control the parameters of the split support of the balance head integrated into the installation body. The kinematic scheme of the drive system ensures optimal movement of the head and, if necessary, can be adjusted to a rapid downward movement. At the same time, it is important to directly separate the functions of operators and personnel who technically serve the oil pumps during operation. If the former are involved in the regulation of oil recovery, the latter track the operating performance of mechanisms in terms of maintaining their function within the framework of tolerance peak loads.
Conclusion
Manufacturers of pumping machines regularlyThey offer new technological solutions to support the process of oil production, however, there is no talk about serious revisions of existing concepts. The fact is that oil and gas equipment is expensive and many customers are reluctant to change the existing fleet of equipment. However, a partial update of the significantly obsolete components does occur. There is also a tendency to move from balancing machines to more advanced hydraulic ones. This is due to the desire to optimize the existing infrastructure. As a result, oil companies reduce the cost of organizing and operating equipment, but at the same time do not reduce the quality of the target product.
