One of the most developing countries in the worldToday is India. Industry and agriculture are largely state-owned. The role of these areas in the formation of GDP is significant. If the first of them accounts for 29%, then the second - 32%. The largest share of GDP (about 39%) belongs to the service sector. The main industries of India are ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, power engineering, light industry and chemical industry. About them and will be discussed further in more detail.
Metallurgy
Ferrous metallurgy is one of the keyareas of state economy. This is not surprising, since the country is rich in deposits of ore and coal. The most important center of the region became the city of Calcutta, the neighborhood of which is often called the “Indian Ruhr”. The largest metallurgical plants of the country are located mainly in the eastern states. In general, the industry is working to meet the domestic needs of the state. Among all the minerals mined, India exports only manganese, mica, bauxite and some iron ores.
Well developed direction of non-ferrous metallurgycan be called aluminum smelting, which relies on its own large reserves of raw materials. The need for other non-ferrous metals is met by imports.
Engineering
This industry in recent yearsachieved significant success. Such developed areas as carriage, shipbuilding, automotive industry and aviation construction can be called quite developed. The main industries of India are provided by their own engineering complex. The country produces almost all types of equipment. More than 40 enterprises function in this area, they are located in the largest cities of the state.
Textile industry
The second largest source of employment in the countrybecame the textile industry of India. According to analytical data, about 20 million local residents are currently employed in it. In 2005, the government abolished a number of taxes and fees in the industry, which contributed to a significant influx of foreign and domestic investment. After that, in a very short period of time, this sector of the economy transformed from degrading to rapidly developing. Its rapid growth ceased in 2008. The reason was the global crisis and the decline in demand for textiles from India in world markets.
Промышленность эта перестала быть привлекательной for investors, which led to a reduction of about 800 thousand of the newly created jobs in the industry. Currently, the authorities are taking a number of measures aimed at restricting the construction of weaving mills. This is done primarily in the interests of the development of small enterprises operating in this area.
Chemical industry
The cost of products that annually producesIndia’s chemical industry averages $ 32 billion. Currently, the industry is experiencing a number of problems, which are caused by high prices for raw materials and means of production, as well as competition created by imported goods.
Profitability of this area began graduallydecline in the nineties of the last century. Now the country is gradually adjusting the production of mineral fertilizers, chemical fibers, plastics and synthetic rubber. Such a field as the pharmaceutical industry in India, exports compositions and funds an average of $ 18 million per year. The main problem of the industry is that only a small proportion of manufactured products is exported. The only direction that continues to grow substantially now is fine organic synthesis.
Power Engineering
Although the energy industry of India andIt is developing very rapidly, the household needs of the population in fuel are provided mainly by firewood and agricultural waste. Coal mining is established in the northeastern part of the state. To transport it to thermal power plants is quite expensive. Whatever it was, they accounted for about 60% of the electricity generated.
An important step towards the creation of a modern energy system was the construction of hydroelectric power stations and nuclear power plants. The share of the first in the volume of electricity produced is 38%, and the second - 2%.
There is oil in the ground, however, such an industry asIndia’s petroleum industry is very poorly developed. The processing of "black gold" is much better organized, but it is based mainly on imported raw materials. The main such enterprises are located in large ports - Bombay and Madras.
Agriculture
In the structure of agriculture in India prevailscrop production. The main food crops grown are wheat and rice. An important export role is played by technical varieties, which include cotton, tea, sugarcane and tobacco.
The dominance of growing plants is largelydue to climatic conditions. The rainy summer season provides ideal conditions for growing cotton, rice and cane, while less moisture-dependent crops (barley and wheat) are sown in the dry winter. Thus, crop production in India develops year-round. The state is fully self-sufficient in food crops.
Largely due to Hinduism, animal husbandry onterritory of the country practically does not develop. The fact is that this religion does not just discourage the use of meat, but also calls the processing of hides as a “dirty” craft.
Conclusion
The development of industry in India is only gainingturnovers. In its absolute size, the state is among the top ten world leaders. At the same time, the level of the national product per capita is extremely low. Do not forget that India is an industrial-agrarian country, in which the economy with the prevailing agricultural production has been preserved since colonial times.
