ГАЗ-31105 - среднеразмерный легковой автомобиль, which became not only the latest model in the legendary series of small cars "Volga", but also the final at the moment domestic car, produced at the Nizhny Novgorod car factory.
The first small car GAZ
One of the leading domestic manufacturersAutomotive equipment Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) car factory, currently part of the large production holding Group GAZ, produced its first products in 1932. It was a light truck GAZ-AA and a light model GAZ-A. Although both cars were manufactured according to the drawings of the American firm Ford, the cars received an improved clutch, steering gear, more powerful power units, which increased reliability.
The first factory car GAZ-A receivedfive-seat body phaeton with a soft top, it was made before 1936. It is this model and numerous modifications on its base that laid the beginning of the period of production of cars at the car factory.
Development of the production of cars
Gorky Automobile Plant produced a variety of typesvehicles (trucks, buses, tanks, ACS), but the production of cars was one of the key areas. Immediately after the end of the GAZ-A production, the plant started manufacturing the GAZ-M-1 subcompact. It was already a four-door five-seater sedan, with an all-metal roof. The car not only quickly became the most popular in the country, but also received an all-wheel drive modification.
Further development of passenger cars of improved cross-country ability at the plant was the development and production of an army off-road vehicle GAZ-64, which was replaced on the conveyor by the legendary GAZ-69.
At the same time, the enterprise startedthe production of the passenger car "Victory" M-20 and the first representative six-seater sedan GAZ-12. In the mid-fifties, both models were replaced by GAZ-21 "Volga" and GAZ-13 "Chaika".
Beginning of the series of passenger cars "Volga"
The first car in this series was the legendary"Volga" under the factory index GAZ-21. The medium-sized passenger car was manufactured from 1956 to 1970, and in all, almost 650,000 copies were produced. At the beginning of the release, the model had a modern design, in addition, the merits should be attributed:
- powerful engines;
- spacious and comfortable lounge;
- high-quality suspension;
- good handling.
Successful design, periodic updates not only ensured a long period of production of the car, but also developed on the basis of "Volga" 38 different modifications.
Serially GAZ-21 on the assembly line in 1970.replaced the next "Volga" under the GAZ-24 index, however, the first copies of the novelty were produced in 1967. The car can hardly be called outstanding, but in the absence of competition it remained the only domestic medium-sized passenger car and was produced before 1985.
Continuation of the release of "Volga"
After the termination of release GAZ-24 conceivedgo to a new generation of "Volga" with a completely new design of the body, as well as power units, chassis, increased comfort and safety. The design of such a model began at the plant from the end of the sixties. The first copy for testing was introduced in 1973. An important step in the development period was the desire to eliminate the shortcomings of the previous model, among which were weak passive safety, increased noise in the cabin, low course stability. The car was considered promising, but for a number of reasons it was decided to abandon the serial production.
On the assembly line in 1981, a model wasthe GAZ-3102 index, which had a weaker engine. In addition, given the principles of reducing fuel consumption, the Volga was denied automatic transmission, power steering, air conditioning, and other improvements. GAZ-3102 with numerous updates was made until 2009.
GAZ-31105 - the final model of the legendary family
In parallel with model 3102 the simplifiedversion of the car "Volga" under the index 31029, which almost kept the design of the GAZ-21-10, but for the body used some elements and panels GAZ-3102. Relatively new for the subcompartment was the design of the front of the car. The model was produced by factory standards for not long - only 5 years, and in 1995 the next version of "Volga" under the index 3110 was released.
This novelty did not have a modern design, andthe main advantage was the change in the interior decoration, which became similar to the salons of inexpensive foreign cars. The production of the car stopped in 2005, and two years earlier the plant produced a restyling version of the model 3110 under the GAZ-31105 index (shown below), which became the last car of the Volga family.
History of the model
In the late nineties of the last century, the demand forcars «Volga» noticeably decreased. The reasons were not only a decrease in the quality of cars produced, but also the emergence in the segment of medium-sized cars of second-hand foreign cars. Therefore, when developing the next car of the Volga family, the designers tried to form the following qualities for the novelty:
- affordable cost, within seven thousand dollars;
- spacious lounge;
- general reliability;
- inexpensive operating costs;
- recognizable appearance.
To implement the plan, largefinancial investments in design development and restructuring of production. Therefore, the company decided to go in a proven way, to modernize the model 3110 and produce a GAZ-31105 car on its basis. The next model was to become more modern and perfect, while quickly recovering the costs of the organization of production.
Design
For the first time a new version of GAZ-31105 companypresented in 2002 during the Moscow Motor Show. The designers succeeded, taking into account the technological and production limitations imposed by the old body, enough to revolutionize the appearance of the new "Volga". The main solutions for this design update are:
- an unusual form of head optics in a two-lens version;
- a narrowed radiator grille in a wide chrome frame;
- long lower additional air intake;
- powerful bonnet punching ribs;
- aerodynamic design of the side mirrors;
- smooth lines of the front and rear wings;
- extended wheel arches;
- combined rear lights.
Additional expressiveness for the modelformed both bumpers GAZ-31105 with special protective pads and straight frontal embossing. In the opinion of car owners and experts, the appearance of the novelty has become the most attractive among all the alterations of the design of the "twenty-four".
Interior Features
In the salon of GAZ-31105 largeChanges that, according to the materials used, comfort and quality of fitting elements, allowed the interior to correspond to foreign analogues. Among the main decisions are:
- height-adjustable front seats;
- the ability to tilt and roll the rudder;
- four-spoke steering wheel with audio controls;
- LCD instrument panel monitor with anti-reflective visor;
- electronic device tachometer and speedometer;
- central armrest with compartment for things;
- large glove box;
- a significant number of pockets, niches and offices.
High quality fabrics are used in decoration,quality soft plastic, pile flooring, plastic inserts for polished wood. To the interior features should be attributed two-color design.
Powertrains
For the entire period of its production, the engines on the GAZ-31105 were installed as follows:
1. The name - ZMZ-402:
- type - petrol four-stroke;
- number of cylinders - 4;
- number of valves - 8;
- volume - 2.45 liters;
- power - 100 liters. from.;
- the amount of compression is 8.2;
- class of ecological performance - 0.
2. The name - ZMZ-4062.10:
- type - petrol four-stroke;
- number of cylinders - 4;
- number of valves - 16;
- volume - 2,29 l;
- power - 145 liters. from.;
- the amount of compression is 9.3;
- class of ecological performance - 0.
3. The name - ZMZ-40525:
- type - petrol four-stroke;
- number of cylinders - 4;
- number of valves - 16;
- volume - 2,46 l;
- power - 152 liters. from.;
- the amount of compression is 9.3;
- class of ecological performance - 3.
4. Product Name - Chrysler DOHC 2.4L:
- type - petrol four-stroke;
- number of cylinders - 4;
- number of valves - 16;
- volume - 2,43 l;
- power - 137 liters. from.;
- the amount of compression is 9.3;
- class of ecological performance - 3.
With the Chrysler engine, the GAZ-31105 was produced in mid-2006. To install the motor on the car it was necessary to perform alterations. In particular, the following changes were made:
- points of fastening of the power unit;
- removed the stiffeners on the inner surface of the hood;
- the transmission ratios of the box are replaced;
- the injection system has been reworked.
As a result of these decisions, the engine's power has dropped from 150 to 137 forces.
Technical specifications
For the GAZ-31105, the characteristics in the basic version and the engine ZMZ-4062.10 were:
- body type - sedan;
- number of doors - 4;
- passenger capacity - 5 people;
- wheelbase - 2.80 m;
- length - 4.92 m;
- width - 1,81 m;
- height - 1.42 m;
- ground clearance - 16,0 cm;
- the front track is 1.50 m;
- the rear track is 1.44 m;
- the curb weight is 1.40 tons;
- full weight - 1.89 tons;
- the size of the trunk is 505 liters;
- transmission - mechanical;
- drive - rear;
- gearbox (gearbox) - five-speed;
- Engine power - 145 liters. from.;
- the maximum speed is 165.0 km / h;
- acceleration to 100 km / h - 13.6 seconds;
- fuel consumption (speed 80/120 km / h) - 8,8 / 11,0 l / 100 km;
- fuel consumption (urban cycle) - 13.5 l / 100 km;
- front brakes - ventilated, disk;
- rear brakes - drum;
- the size of the disks is 6.5J x 15;
- the dimension of the tires is 195 / 65R15.
Depending on the power of installed power units on the car, the dynamic properties and GAZ-31105 parameters for fuel consumption changed.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the updated interesting design,qualitative technical characteristics, the car GAZ-31105 to the beginning of XX century is hopelessly outdated. Made only 190,000 copies of the car. The last "Volga" had the following main advantages:
- affordable cost;
- overall reliability;
- spacious interior;
- good controllability;
- quality head lighting;
- high liquidity;
- adaptability for exploitation in domestic conditions;
- economical operation.
Among the shortcomings, car owners distinguished:
- poor sound insulation;
- poor quality of paint and varnish coating;
- weak dynamics.
Despite the fact that the GAZ-31105 hadcertain merits, he could not stand competition with the beginning of the arrival on the domestic car market of similar foreign cars. First of all, foreign cars outperformed the last domestic "Volga" in design, comfort, equipment, security.
With the termination of the manufacture of GAZ-31105 in 2010not only the production of the Volga family of cars was completed, but also the production of domestic cars in the Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant was stopped.
