When transporting loose building materialsirreplaceable large-sized machinery, which greatly simplifies and speeds up unloading. In recent decades, the volumes of such shipments have increased several times, primarily because of the growth in construction volumes with which the trucks have stopped coping. Therefore for today special trailers of considerable volumes and load-carrying capacity are used.
What constitutes a design
Semitrailer dump - it's your ownA controlled mechanism that has a tilting platform. It is used in agriculture and construction to transport bulk goods that have a low density, for example earth or crushed stone, as well as coal and ore.
Dumping semitrailer costs half the size of a car of the same size. He transports building materials twice as much, which means it pays off faster.
A reliable chassis is one of the most important operating conditions for such a technique, because when moving a semi-trailer the greatest burden falls precisely on this part.
There are a lot of companies that produce tipper semi-trailers. Their products differ in type of unloading, body geometry, number of axles, characteristics of the lifting mechanism.
Characteristics and purpose
Technical characteristics of semi-trailerstipper depend on the purpose of special equipment. And in order to choose the right design, you first need to know the density of the transported cargo. After all, trailers with the same capacity can have a different body volume. Since the density of sand is greater than the density of coal, which, in turn, is greater than the density of claydite, for transporting sand and rubble, equipment with a body capacity of 26-28, coal — 35, and claydite — from 50 to 60 cubic meters.
It is possible to transport clay in a semi-trailer26 cubes, but the cost of transporting one ton of this material will almost double, and the use of such equipment will be unprofitable. The material of the body, its thickness and the type of suspension depend on the purpose of the semi-trailer.
To reduce its own weight in the manufacture ofhigh volume structures used aluminum thickness of three millimeters. The suspension is installed with pneumatic. Semi-trailers with a spring suspension and a steel body of large thickness are used where structural strength is important, for example for transporting heavy rocks.
Body shape
Dump semitrailers use two types of bodies.
Традиционной считается полукруглая форма, которая Suitable for the transport of bulk cargo. Since the stones hit the boards tangentially during loading, and shock loads are reduced, the semicircular body is harder to damage. In addition, this design is always stronger than the rectangular, so the traditional body is always stronger and lighter than the analog with straight sides. Its most important advantage is fast unloading without sticking of loose materials in the corners.
Body of square section is used not onlyfor sand and rubble, but also for the transport of rectangular materials such as slabs or bricks. However, it must be reinforced with ribs, which negatively affects its own weight.
Type of unloading and load capacity
The classic way of rear unloading is most popular because of the simplicity of the design, the lower weight of the semi-trailers with a larger body volume.
Lateral unloading is convenient if there are restrictions.in height, for example in the premises. Therefore, similar mechanisms are used in agriculture for unloading in storage facilities. Dump semitrailers, photos of which are presented below, are used for accelerated unloading on uneven sites.
There are also structures that perform two-way or universal (on three sides) unloading.
Semitrailers differ in the method of rashmaterials. Forced unloading is performed with a screw auger, which pushes the contents during rotation. When inclined unloading used telescopic lifts.
And one more difference in the design of semi-trailers is due to the management. It can be produced from the outside or from the cab.
The number of axles in a semi-trailer affects its load capacity. Four-axle structures with a reinforced frame transport up to 45 tons, three-axle - 35 tons, and two-axle - 25 tons of cargo.
Tractor tipper semitrailer
Such a mechanism is a compact form.special equipment, which is used for transportation and unloading of compost, sawdust and silage in agriculture. With it, you can transport and heavy loads, such as roots, bulk building materials and even snow.
The semi-trailer tractor dumping withwide tires can be uniaxial, thereby reducing the coupling weight, and increasing the passability of the wheel assembly, or two-axle, designed to carry heavier loads. Brakes design allow you to keep the trailer in place when parking on the slopes.
Dump body can unload on threesides in fairly low spaces. It accommodates a load of fifteen tons of approximately twenty-three or thirty-eight (when pressed) cubic meters of building materials.
Convenient and functional design allowsif necessary, unload even without lifting the body. An autonomous hydraulic system will work if the tractor’s hydraulic system fails to cope, and the lack of telescopic cylinders eliminates engine oil.
Russian manufacturers
The demand for dumping vehicles in the domestic construction market forced the companies of the Russian car industry to launch the production of precisely such structures.
The standard three-axis mechanism releases a subsidiary.enterprise of the largest Russian manufacturer of trucks KAMAZ. NefAZ OJSC produces a dumping trailer with a folding tailgate and a lifting front axle with a capacity of 30 cubic meters and a lifting capacity of 33 tons.
Not so long ago began to produce such products andChelyabinsk plant trailer equipment. Its units are adapted to Russian roads with any pavement and off-road. And the traditional form of the body is complemented by modern solutions to increase the carrying capacity of the three-axle semi-trailer.
Machine-building plant "TONAR" from Moscow region -one of the most famous manufacturers of large construction equipment. Dumping semi-trailer "TONAR" is most often found in the composition of road trains. The model range includes designs with a volume of 28 and 32 cubic meters, four-axle - from 37 to 44 cubes. The factory has developed a line of semi-trailers with lateral unloading, which is safer due to greater stability. It is convenient at low altitudes of the room and can significantly reduce the operating time.
Foreign manufacturers
Самым близким зарубежным производителем construction machinery is belarus. The dumping semi-trailer "MAZ" on the road and construction is easy to learn. This is a large all-metal body of yellow-orange color without an awning with rear unloading, two-axle structures with a carrying capacity of 16 and 26 tons, and three-axle ones - 35 tons.
Polish semi-trailers cannot be confused with others"VELTON". Tipper semi-trailers with a camel on board, a folding awning on a three-axle chassis and rear unloading are made of aluminum or steel. They have a traditional shaped body in the form of a half pipe or with straight sides from 27 to 49 cubic meters.
VELTON is one of the ten leading European companies in the production of trailers and semi-trailers, which produces more than sixty types of products and implements many of its own technical solutions.
Benefits of Tipper Trailers
Today, the most common road train consists of a truck tractor with three pairs of wheels and a semi-trailer, which has three or four axles. Load capacity of such a mechanism reaches up to forty tons.
Transport companies prefer itroad trains, as they have a higher load capacity and more economical. Their axial load is smaller with the same load as that of a regular dump truck. Such machines can be operated without problems within the limit of the axial load on any roads.
For transport companies the use of tractorsconveniently also because on any of them it is possible to establish a design of other type. That is, the “tractor plus semi-trailer dump truck” road train is more versatile than a separate dump truck. Moreover, to buy such a unit in the presence of a fleet of trucks can be much cheaper than a truck.
Полуприцеп самосвальный – спецтехника, которая на Today, the most in demand in construction, mining and agriculture in the transport of bulk cargo. Leading European and domestic producers in a competitive environment are constantly improving their products and developing their new types.
