В настоящее время подшипником называют a mechanical article that is part of the support. This mechanism is designed to further support the axis, shaft and other structures, helps to strengthen and fix the position of other structural elements in space. In addition, the bearing can provide linear movement, rolling and rotation with the lowest resistance value, and also provides load transfer to various structural parts. The special name has a support, equipped with a thrust bearing, - a thrust bearing.
The classification consists of several basic types, differing according to the principle of action:
- Sliding bearing.
- Friction bearing.
- The bearing is gas-static.
- The bearing is gas-dynamic.
- The bearing is magnetic.
- The bearing is hydrostatic.
- The bearing is hydrodynamic.
The first two types were most widely used, since they are used in the machine-building industry.
Let's consider in more detail the rolling bearing.Traditionally, it consists of several structural elements: two rings with gutters cut out on them, rolling bodies that move along these gutters, a separator (separates the rolling elements and fills the gaps between them, and also directs their movement).
In some cases it is possible to manufacturebearings without separator. A similar rolling bearing is used in cases where it is necessary to provide a greater load capacity. A distinctive feature of this type is the increased number of rolling bodies used and the small value of the limiting speed.
The rolling bearing works mainly due tothe arising forces of rolling friction, since the remaining forces that arise are of negligible magnitude. This effect allows to reduce frictional losses and considerably reduces wear of this mechanism.
There are closed and open bearings.The first are equipped with protective caps, which prevents the leakage of grease and the ingress of foreign bodies, the latter, if inattentive treatment, can quickly fail because they are susceptible to all of the above factors.
The main parameters of this type of bearings include:
- Maximum load (both static and dynamic).
- Level of noise pollution.
- Accuracy class.
- Dimensions of rolling bearings.
- Requirements for lubricants.
- Resource use.
In addition, a load bearing a different direction, for example perpendicular to the axis (radial) or parallel (axial), can act on the rolling bearing.
Все основные характеристики, по которым можно to judge the appointment of this mechanism, are summarized in its conventional designation. The marking of the rolling bearings is standardized in accordance with the current GOST rules. The conventional designation traditionally consists of a basic and an additional one, each of which includes an alphanumeric cipher. The peculiarity of reading bearing designations is that it is carried out from right to left.
