Человек в сферах свой жизнедеятельности и работы quite often faces dangers. This became especially noticeable in the technogenic era. It would seem that the development of progress should have contributed to reducing the danger to people in all senses. In practice, the picture is different - the more progress, the higher the risk of injury. Perhaps this is due to the adaptation of all mankind. After all, our ancient ancestors were able to live normally in the jungle and in other environments. The technogenic time relative to the time of the existence of mankind is still short. Anyway, quite often coagulation of blood often saves us from possible troubles.
What is this process - "blood clotting"?In fact, and in brief, it is the process of forming a blood clot in a wound. No matter how frightening the word thrombus sounds, it is he who saves us constantly from blood loss or infection. A blood clot in itself is a destroyed and stuck platelet. These cells are contained in human blood in the form of flat red plates of various shapes. The chemical reaction proceeds as follows. When blood leaks out, the protein fibrogen breaks down and creates a filamentous network - fibrin. Next, the bulk of the blood - platelets appear on the surface and collapse under the action of air pressure (the difference between atmospheric pressure and intravenous pressure). The destroyed mass sticks together and sticks into the net. This is the appearance of a blood clot - a kind of cork in the wound.
For the normal functioning of the bodyrequires a certain amount of blood (individually). It is for these natural considerations that the blood coagulation time is within 5 minutes. Currently, there are many techniques that allow you to determine the clotting time. If we take on average and according to generally applied methods, then it is 5 minutes for men and women. Since the blood is under greater pressure in the body than the pressure of the environment, any scratch could just kill you. But how, then, can platelets withstand blood pressure? It's all about the specifics of the habitat. This specific substance can exist only in the plasma, which is under pressure. If the plasma is removed, then it is destroyed.
Отдельного внимания заслуживает норма у детей.If an average of 5 minutes for adults is blood coagulability, the rate in children is slightly higher. In practice, this figure is within 8 ... 10 minutes, and sometimes more. This is due to the fact that the composition of the blood, like the whole body, is still different in some indicators in children. In particular, fibrinogen protein is not always excreted from the vessels in time, and the number of platelets may be less (difficulty in forming a thrombus - not enough material) or more (slow process). In any case, the baby’s body needs more time to coagulate. This is one of the problems of mothers - the need for constant supervision, as a long time of non-folding contributes to the possibility of infection.
However, blood clotting is not always the case.debugged. It is not known what led to this pathology, but there is a disease - hemophilia. This disease is inherited and can not be acquired. In this case, blood coagulation does not occur due to the absence of one of the components of the chemical coagulation reaction. Possible violation of the reaction itself, but, again, due to the absence of one of the components. For such people, scratching is a huge problem, and a fight is really a fight for survival. But there are still some ways to partially solve this problem.
For this purpose, special preparations are used.The main task of which is to have a hemostatic effect or to improve blood coagulation. By the way, there are drugs that, on the contrary, slow down this process. Anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents prevent the formation of the fibrin filamentous network. This is very helpful for doctors during long and difficult operations, when it is important that blood oozes from the wound and the wound does not heal.
