If you experience discomfort and pain with the righthand under the rib is important to timely recognize the cause. Diseases of the liver and biliary tract are a threat to the human condition and its full activity. In the absence of proper treatment methods, diseases affecting the biliary system of the body are capable of passing into more severe forms, leading even the central nervous system to failure.
How do biliary tract diseases manifest themselves?
At the first symptoms of the pathologies described belowshould immediately contact the experts. To begin to act, the doctor must see an objective picture of the patient's health, which means that it is extremely important to undergo a comprehensive examination. It is possible to get detailed information about how affected the bile duct disease is only after the first stages of diagnosis, which include:
- initial examination by a gastroenterologist;
- the passage of abdominal ultrasound;
- results of laboratory tests of blood, urine and feces.
In case of suspicion of the development of the pathological process in the biliary system of the body, the doctor, as a rule, assigns the patient to undergo more thorough studies:
- gastroscopy;
- radiography of the biliary tract using a contrast agent;
- biochemical composition of bile.
In general, diseases of the biliary tract differ in characteristic features of the course.
Pathological processes that can develop in the gallbladder and biliary tract, most often are:
- dyskinesia;
- gallstone disease;
- cholingitis;
- various forms of cholecystitis.
Causes of dyskinesia in the biliary system
First disease occurring enoughoften in patients of any age, biliary dyskinesia is considered. Symptoms and treatment of an illness are interrelated concepts, since this pathology is a direct functional impairment of the biliary system due to the abnormal functioning of the sphincter of Oddi, Myritsi and Lutkens, as well as contractions of the gall bladder.
Чаще всего заболевание проявляется у женщин в age from 20 to 40 years. To date, no one specialist can answer unequivocally about the causes of the development of the disease. The most likely factors that have pushed the disease to progression can be considered:
- Hormonal failure (impaired production of substances that affect the contractile function of the gallbladder and biliary tract, leading to disruptions of the muscular mechanisms).
- Unhealthy diet and unhealthy lifestyle.
- Frequent anaphylactic and allergic reactions of the body to food.
- Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract,acting directly on the biliary tract. Symptoms, treatment of such ailments are related problems during the treatment of the underlying disease.
- Infection with hepatitis B and C groups (pathogenic microorganisms of this type negatively affect the neuromuscular structure of the organs under consideration).
In addition, dyskinesia can provoke andother diseases of the biliary tract (for example, chronic cholecystitis). Ailments of the liver, pancreas, abnormal development of the biliary system also often lead to the failure of most digestive organs.
How to cure dyskinesia?
Treatment of the biliary tract has its own characteristics. As for dyskinesia, the general therapy can be divided into two blocks.
The first one often includes therapeutic measures of non-drug content, for example:
- Соблюдение диеты (полное исключение жирной, fried, smoked, canned and other harmful products from the daily diet; drawing up a daily menu based on food rich in fiber, choleretic foods).
- Drinking enough fluids throughout the day.
- Active lifestyle, therapeutic breathing exercises.
- Prevention of stressful situations, disorders, experiences.
Drug treatment is requiredcomponent in the treatment of this disease, as biliary dyskinesia. Drugs that experts recommend taking patients, mainly aim at relieving muscle tension, providing a sedative and antispasmodic action. The most common dyskinesias are Papaverine, No-spa, Novocain. The therapeutic complex includes, including the use of saline water.
Features of the course of dyskinesia in children
Disease that struck the biliary tract of children- not uncommon today. Dyskinesia is detected by doctors in children over the age of three. By the way, this disease experts distinguish among children's pathologies of the biliary tract as often ascertained. In fact, the causes of the development of disorders in the hepatobiliary system in a child are the same provoking factors as in adults.
Danger for children's organisms is oftenhiding in the effects of dyskinesia affecting the biliary tract. The symptoms of an illness in a child are often supplemented by specific manifestations of the nervous system and psycho-emotional state.
- tearfulness;
- fatigue;
- decrease in concentration of attention, working capacity;
- muscle hypotonia;
- hyperhidrosis;
- heartbeat failures.
Recommendations for the prevention of re-manifestation of the disease in a child
Since the symptoms and diagnostic proceduresAbsolutely the same for both adult patients and children, the treatment tactics will also be based on the canons of a balanced diet. It is imperative that the child eat healthy food in accordance with a clear schedule, not only during the exacerbation of biliary tract disease or during the passage of the therapeutic course, but also for the purpose of prevention. Ideally, this style of nutrition should be the norm for the growing body on a permanent basis.
It is also worth noting that the child hasdyskinesia determines the need for his registration at the dispensary account for the passage of periodic examinations. This is the only way to prevent the development of the disease. Pediatricians call the following principles the best prevention of dyskinesia in a healthy baby:
- Eating every 2.5 hours throughout the day in small fractional portions.
- Avoiding overeating.
- Lack of emotional overstrain, stress.
What is dangerous gallstone disease?
Next disease affecting the biliary tractnot less often than dyskinesia, is considered cholelithiasis. This pathology arises due to the formation of stones in the gallbladder and is characterized by significant inflammation in its walls. Doctors call the hidden manifestations of the disease and the almost complete absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease. During the period when it is easiest to cope with the disease, the patient cannot even assume that his biliary tract needs the gallbladder.
With the gradual progression of pathology, the pacewhich is largely due to the lifestyle of the patient, the first signs of the disease become palpable. The most common of these is biliary colic, which patients almost always mistake for pain in the liver, explaining this by participating in a hearty feast or drinking alcohol the day before. Despite the fact that these factors are really capable of provoking an exacerbation of gallstone disease, taking the symptoms lightly can be extremely dangerous for the patient's health. Among the complications with which untreated cholelithiasis threatens in time, patients are diagnosed with:
- cholecystitis;
- pancreatitis;
- malignant tumors affecting the liver and biliary tract.
Risk group of the disease
Since the main and only reasonthe formation of stones in the gallbladder and ducts is a violation of metabolic processes in the body (in particular, cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids), it is natural that therapeutic and restorative measures will be aimed at eliminating the formations.
Stones that hinder the outflow of bile occur in women several times more often than in men. In addition, the risk of gallstones most people are at risk:
- obese;
- leading a sedentary lifestyle;
- the type of activity which determines the predominantly sitting position during working hours;
- not observing the regime in meals.
Methods of treatment of gallstone disease
To recognize for sure whether stones are presentin the patient's gall bladder, an ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs is sufficient. Today, when confirming a diagnosis, doctors most often decide on cholecystectomy.
However, to radical surgical treatmentthe specialist may not incline the patient, if the formation practically does not cause discomfort. In this case, experts recommend to undergo a course of treatment aimed directly at the biliary tract. Symptoms of the disease, which do not manifest themselves, make it possible to use the method of influence on the ducts of ursodeoxycholic and chenodesoxycholic acids.
Its advantage is the possibility of deliverance.from stones non-invasive way. Among the disadvantages is a high probability of relapse. A therapeutic course lasting about a year in most cases gives an imaginary, short-term result, since patients often have the occurrence of re-inflammation literally several years after prolonged treatment.
What is “cholangitis”: its symptoms and complications
Inflammation of the bile duct is also consideredpathological condition whose name is cholangitis. The peculiarity of this disease, doctors consider it to flow in an independent form or concomitant cholecystitis. The disease has different degrees of intensity and danger to the health and life of the patient. There are 3 main stages, based on the intensity of the symptoms:
- subacute;
- acute;
- purulent.
Symptoms of any dysfunction of the biliary tract affect the general condition of the patient almost equally, causing in all cases:
- chills;
- nausea and vomiting;
- increased sweating;
- high body temperature;
- itching of the skin;
- pain syndrome in the right hypochondrium.
On examination of the patient, the patient may haveAn enlarged liver and spleen were found. A reliable sign of cholangitis is the yellowness of the skin, but its presence is not at all necessary. This pathology of the biliary tract, which is purulent, has more pronounced signs. The temperature of the patient can reach more than 40 degrees. In addition, in this case, the risk of sepsis and abscess in the subphrenic region increases several times. Often, in advanced forms of the disease, doctors diagnose patients with hepatitis or hepatic coma.
Diagnosis and treatment of cholangitis
To finally confirm cholangitisthe patient must have additional blood tests. The high value of leukocytes, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, basically always serve as indications for passing the following series of examinations:
- cholangiography;
- gastroduodenoscopy;
- laparoscopy.
Лечение желчевыводящих путей при холангите requires the use of a number of potent drugs. To avoid surgery, the patient can only with a comprehensive therapeutic approach based on the use of medicines of a different spectrum of actions. First of all, such preparations are necessary for biliary tract, which are able to exert choleretic effect on the diseased organ.
Если необходимый курс лечения не приносит there are no positive results, i.e., there is no noticeable dynamics in improving the patient's condition, the doctor can replace conservative therapy with more decisive surgical actions.
Cholecystitis during exacerbation
Against the background of the above gallstone diseasequite often develops such a disease as cholecystitis. It can be characterized by the inflammatory process of the walls and ducts of the gallbladder, as well as the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into its cavity. Although in the absence of stones cholecystitis can also occur in women older than 30 years.
The main signs of acute cholecystitis
As a rule, exacerbation of cholecystitis, like otherdiseases affecting the biliary tract, occurs after easing a strict dietary regimen by the patient. Allowing even the smallest of something harmful, soon he will regret it. The painful symptoms of cholecystitis under the right rib, radiating to the subscapular region and the supraclavicular zone, do not make it possible to forget about the illness even for a short time. It should be noted that pancreatitis is considered a frequent companion of cholecystitis, the simultaneous manifestations of which cause incredible discomfort and pain in a patient.
In elderly people who have had a heart attackmyocardium, due to cholecystitis, pain may occur in the retrosternal space. Angina reflex type is further accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Emetic masses initially represent the contents of the stomach, i.e., that the patient ate the day before, then only bile can stand out.
Increased body temperature can not be consideredmandatory symptom of cholecystitis. The absence of fever does not indicate the absence of inflammation. Palping the abdomen, the doctor in most cases, notes the tension of the abdominal muscles, pain of the gallbladder, which becomes more and more like a small ball in the right hypochondrium. The liver also begins to grow in size. A characteristic feature of acute cholecystitis is blood pressure surges. A couple of days after the discovery of the disease, the skin may turn yellow.
Different degrees of cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis has the main stages of the course:
- Catarrhal phase of the disease is not peculiarbody fever. If pain is present, then it is fairly moderate. The whole period lasts no more than a week, and most often it is possible to detect the disease at this stage by chance. It is quite possible to stop the progression of the disease at this stage if treatment is started immediately, preventing the onset of phlegmonous cholecystitis.
- Второй стадии развития недуга свойственны явно severe pain, frequent vomiting, fever, general weakness of the body. The patient's appetite is markedly reduced due to leukocytosis that has developed on the background of pathology.
- The most dangerous stage for the patientis gangrenous. Peritonitis is often associated with this ailment, and there are no treatment options other than emergency surgery. Statistics indicate a high probability of death without urgent surgery.
One of the most frequent causes of laterecognition of cholecystitis are its manifestations, in most cases characteristic of other diseases of the abdominal organs. For example, they can also declare themselves:
- acute appendicitis;
- exacerbation of pancreatitis;
- ulcers of the stomach and duodenum;
- renal failure, colic, pyelonephritis.
Cholecystitis treatment
As already mentioned, when making a diagnosis, the roleThey play absolutely all indicators of research. If the bile-excreting paths are full of stones, ultrasound will definitely tell about it. The fact that an inflammatory process occurs in the body will be confirmed by the overestimated number of leukocytes in the biochemical blood test.
Treat diseases affecting the biliary tractor gall bladder, is only necessary in a hospital environment. Conservative therapies can alleviate the condition of the patient. He is prescribed strict bed rest, lack of meals. For pain relief provide hot-water bottle with ice under the right hypochondrium.
Перед началом медикаментозной терапии проводится complete detoxification of the patient, after which he is prescribed antibiotics. Lack of results throughout the day requires urgent intervention by surgeons.
What to change in nutrition for illnesses of the biliary tract?
Diet for diseases of the biliary tract playsimportant predetermining role. As you know, during periods of seizures, it is forbidden to use anything, since a naturally occurring bile discharge as a reaction to incoming food can increase the symptoms of the disease.
By adhering to the following advice from nutritionists and gastroenterologists, you can achieve the longest possible remission:
- It is undesirable to eat fresh wheat bread, especially since it is baked and hot. Ideal if it is dried or yesterday.
- Hot dishes have a positive effect on the general condition of the digestive organs. During cooking, sauté onions, carrots, etc., should not be.
- Meat and fish choose only low-fat varieties. The ideal way of cooking is stewing, boiling and baking.
- Any oil of plant or animal origin to use in small quantities is not prohibited, but in the absence of heat treatment.
- In diseases of the biliary tract the best cereal products are buckwheat and oatmeal.
- Milk and dairy drinks, as well as cottage cheese can be consumed.
In any case, when the first manifestations of the disease is worth going to the doctor, the patient risks self-healing to worsen his condition.
