US of the gallbladder used for diagnosissuch diseases as cholelithiasis, acute and chronic cholecystitis, congenital anomalies, polyps, malignant tumors. It is conducted together with studies of the pancreas and liver, since the functions of these organs are interrelated.
Complete exclusion of food duringeight to twelve hours is the condition under which the gall bladder is performed. Preparation for this diagnostic measure also implies the exclusion of strong tea and coffee, smoking, foods that increase bile secretion (chewing gum). The study is conducted in different positions, the patient must change the position of the body - on the left side, lying on his back, sitting. This helps to assess the mobility of structures that are located inside the gallbladder. For example, the stones of this organ with a change in the position of the body are displaced, and this is an additional diagnostic parameter. If the patient had a supper on the eve, a contracted gall bladder would appear on the uzi. To avoid this, before the study, the patient takes fatty food, which helps to secrete the secret of this organ.
Uzi gallbladder helps most accuratelydetermine the congenital anomalies of this organ. The main such malformations include agenesis, ectopic localization, bifurcation, the formation of multiple septa, diverticula, an increase or decrease in size. Agenesis is understood as the absence of a gallbladder, which is congenital. With ectopic localization the organ is in an uncharacteristic place for it: between the right lobe of the liver and the diaphragm, retroperitoneum. Diverticulum-protrusion of the gallbladder wall. An increase or decrease in the body can talk about such serious diseases as cholecystitis, duct obstruction, viral hepatitis.
Ulcer of the gallbladder is the maina diagnostic method for detecting stones in this organ. They can be formed at a young age and increase with time. As a result, gallstone disease develops, which can be caused by rapid weight loss, obesity, improper diet, ethnic characteristics, and the use of cephalosporin antibiotics. The stones in most cases have a mixed structure (calcium bilirubinat, cholesterol, calcium carbonate). Uzi helps to easily detect such formations. It is characterized by the presence of an echo shadow, the appearance of which is explained by the impermeability to ultrasound of the surface of the stones. At very small sizes, the shadow can not be detected.
For the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis alsois applied uzi a cholic bubble. The norm for this organ is the absence of wall thickenings. That thickening is the main sign of this disease. Another sign is the emergence of painful sensations when the sensor is pressed into the right hypochondrium region where the gallbladder is located. With inflammation of this organ, the diagnostic accuracy reaches 80%. In this study, complications of acute cholecystitis can be detected: biliary-small intestinal fistula, the formation of emphysema, the appearance of hemorrhages, perforations, empyema, the development of gangrene.
Ulcer of the gallbladder also allowsdiagnose malignant tumors and polyps. The most common neoplasm is adenocarcinoma. Polyps have no clinical manifestations. However, their size must be taken into account. If this parameter is one centimeter or higher, then there is a likelihood of malignancy. When conducting an ultrasound, it is impossible to determine exactly the type of polyp, therefore, in any case, surgical removal of this formation is indicated.
