Причиной сезонного поражения нервных окончаний mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, characterized by abundant flow of secretions from the nose, tearing and, in some cases, accompanied by a lightweight form of asthma, is an allergic reaction to pollen. Sometimes this disease is called hay fever, although hay is not the determining factor, and the patient's condition has nothing to do with fever. This is explained by the history of the discovery in 1819 of this disease by an English doctor, John Bostock, who suggested that it is associated with hay (some of its manifestations occur during the haymaking period). However, it was later found that the symptoms of fever are caused by very fine pollen (up to 0.04 mm) of plants that are pollinated by the wind. Larger particles can no longer penetrate the respiratory tract.
Аллергическая реакция, вызванная пыльцой Some seasonal plants, known as hay fever, are most common during the hay season. Tiny, barely noticeable pollen, blown by pollinated plants is the main cause. Pollen of plants pollinated by insects is not dangerous, as it is too large to remain in the air. The plants responsible for the occurrence of hay fever include trees: pine, birch, alder, cedar, walnut, hornbeam, horse chestnut, willow, linden. In northern latitudes, birch pollen is considered the most important allergen. Grass pollen (perennial ryegrass, meadow foxtail, timothy grass), and also weeds (ambrosia, plantain, nettle, wormwood, sorrel) are dangerous. However, the manifestations of such a disease are possible within a year.
It is already known what happens whenan allergen (in the form of pollen, dust, or animal hair) is inhaled by a person with a sensitive immune system. In such individuals, the allergen causes the production of antibodies immunoglobulin E (IgE), which binds to mast cells and basophils that produce histamine. When allergy is caused by pollen of several plants, it is called “pollinosis”, and if it is grass pollen, this disease is known as hay fever, which is one of the most common allergic diseases. It usually appears in childhood or in adolescents, but can occur at any age. This condition is more common in boys than in girls. Adult men and women suffer with the same frequency.
The severity of the disease depends on certainatmospheric conditions and the amount of pollen in the air. The prevalence of catarrhal symptoms in summer separates it from the common cold, and their combination with shortness of breath does not confuse with asthma, which rarely coincides with any cold. The risk of hay fever is especially great for people who are predisposed to certain nervous diseases with a possible lesion in the fourth ventricle of the brain. Hay fever is also dangerous for people with a curved nasal septum. Symptoms completely pass (it is useful in most cases!) When removed from the unfavorable zone to the sea shore or to the mountains, as well as during sea voyage, since it is possible to avoid contact with pollen.
Hay fever is likely to occur whenfamily history of allergies, asthma or eczema. Sometimes it is possible to prevent the symptoms of hay fever by taking some basic precautions. These include wearing sunglasses on the street, which reduce the ingress of pollen in the eyes. Returning from the street, you need to change clothes and take a shower to remove pollen from the body. Trying in a dangerous period when the concentration of pollen in the air is high, stay indoors, keep windows and doors closed, change clothes more often. During this period one should not smoke or stay near smokers, keep fresh flowers or animals in the house. Cleaning should be wet and regular. The lower part of the nostrils should be lubricated with a small amount of petroleum jelly, this can prevent pollen from entering the nasal passages. Of course, it is very difficult to completely avoid the problem, but reducing the effects of the substances causing the disease should alleviate the symptoms.
