Cognitive facts about everything / Health / Hormonal coils: types, contraindications

Hormonal spirals: species, contraindications

Pregnancy is a long-awaited period for many women. However, there are situations when the birth of a child is postponed for a long time. This may be due to different reasons.

To prevent conception and avoid suchan unpleasant and ethically controversial procedure, such as abortion, many women use different means. Most women refuse to take oral medications, citing the fact that they are ineffective, as well as negatively affect their shape and health. Therefore, many of them give their preference to the so-called intrauterine devices.

General information

Intrauterine device is called contraceptive,which is a device of plastic and copper of small size. This device slows down the progress of sperm into the uterus, and also significantly reduces the life of the egg.

It should be noted that the intrauterine devicethe spiral is able to prevent the attachment of an already fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus. Thus, it is a kind of abortive contraceptive method.

Variety of spirals

Speaking of intrauterine devices,say that in addition to the usual devices, there are hormonal. What are they? Hormonal coils are unique analogues of conventional intrauterine devices. At the same time, they have a special plastic cylinder, which contains a hormone called levonorgestrel.

According to experts, hormonalspirals are very reliable. This is due to the fact that in addition to the effect of "foreign body" in the uterus, they have a direct contraceptive effect, which is similar to the contraceptive pill.

How to act?

Hormonal coils act in a simple way.principle. The levonorgestrel contained in them, every day and evenly stands out from the device, protecting the woman from unwanted pregnancy. In this case, the hormone itself does not enter the systemic circulation. Therefore, the hormonal coils do not cause adverse reactions inherent in conventional birth control pills (for example, nausea, weight gain, etc.).

Structure and features

Hormonal coil for women is a reliable protection against unwanted conception. Such a device consists of:

horizontal flexible hangers;
hormone cylinder;
filament to extract the spiral.

It should also be noted that, like ordinaryspirals, hormonal constructions are established only by a gynecologist. In this case, the specialist should immediately warn that such a device can be worn for no more than five years.

Hormonal coils: types

Today, there are two types of hormonal contraceptive structures:

"Mirena" (German production);
"Levonov" (French production).

What is remarkable such devices? We will tell about it right now.

Mirena

What hormonal spirals? Mirena is the most popular contraceptive intrauterine device. The release rate of its active substance is 20 µg / day.

Such a system does not only releaselevonorgestrel, but also has a local progestogenic effect. When using this spiral, morphological changes of the endometrium and thickening of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal are noted. Such effects help prevent sperm from entering the uterus. In addition, some representatives of the weaker sex even experience ovulation depression.

The use of "Mirena" does not affect the fertility of women. Approximately 80% of people who want to have a baby, pregnancy occurs within a year after the removal of the structure.

Spiral features

Hormonal coil for endometriosisused very often. Miren is also successfully used to treat idiopathic menorrhagia, extragenital diseases, as well as conditions that are accompanied by marked hypocoagulation.

In the first months of using this device, the patient may experience a spotting of blood. This happens because of the inhibition of endometrial proliferation.

Indications

The spiral "Mirena" is used in the following cases:

for reliable contraception;
with idiopathic menorrhagia;
for the prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in the process of conducting estrogen replacement therapy.

Contraindications

For chronic infections, the presence of serious diseases, malignant tumors, the use of the Mirena helix must be coordinated with a specialist.

Other contraindications to the use of this device include the following:

pregnancy and suspicion of it;
hypersensitivity to the ingredients;
diseases with high susceptibility to infections;
postpartum endometritis;
deep vein thrombosis of the legs (including presence in the past);
malignant neoplasms in the cervix and uterus;
previous breast cancer therapy;
cervical dysplasia;
diseases of the pelvic organs (inflammatory);
urinary tract infections;
uterine abnormalities (acquired or congenital);
cervicitis;
abortion (septic) within the last 3 months;
uterine bleeding of unknown origin;
acute liver disease, including tumors.

Mode of application

The considered tool is used as follows:

For contraception for women (of child-bearing age)spiral set within a week from the onset of menstruation. However, it can be replaced with a new intrauterine device on any day of the cycle. Also, this device is allowed to install immediately after an abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy.
In order to protect the endometrium during replacementestrogen therapy in patients with amenorrhea spiral can be injected at any time. As for women with preserved menstruation, they are set in the last days of menstrual bleeding.
After delivery, the helix is inserted only afterthere will be an involution of the uterus, but not earlier than 6 weeks. With prolonged subinvolution, postpartum endometritis should be excluded, and the decision to install the structure should be postponed (until the completion of the involution). In case of difficulty introducing or very severe pain, bleeding, an ultrasound scan should be performed before and after the procedure in order to avoid perforation.

Levonova

Intrauterine device "Levonov" contains52 mg of levonorgestrel. This is a reliable contraceptive. Its active substance has a direct local effect on the endometrium, reducing its implant function, as well as the fallopian tubes and viscosity of mucus in the cervical canal. Such properties of the device increase the efficiency and duration of use of the spiral without suppressing the ovulation process.

This tool should be entered on the 4-5th daymenstrual cycle. If an artificial abortion was performed, the spiral is established immediately or after the next menstruation. In case of uncomplicated spontaneous childbirth, a hormone construction should preferably be used no earlier than after six weeks.

Hormonal coil: contraindications and side effects

Spiral "Levonova" is contraindicated in:

acute and subacute inflammatory processes of the external and internal genital organs;
pregnancy;
metrorrhagia of unknown origin;
malignant tumors of the body and cervix;
chronic salpingoofaritis and endometritis;
congenital anomalies of the body and cervix;
erosion;
ectopic pregnancy in history.

The considered hormonal coil in uterine myoma is also not used. In addition, it does not establish unborn women.

In the first months of use, this tool maycause intermenstrual bleeding, nausea, irregularities in the menstrual cycle, mastalgia, fluid retention, headache and acne.

Special Recommendations

The design of the intrauterine device "Levonov"provides hormone secretion at a rate of 20 µg / day. The validity of this device is 5 years. After its removal, the reproductive function of a woman is restored quickly and well.

This tool should not be used duringbreastfeeding. This is due to the fact that levonorgestrel is able to penetrate into breast milk. When persistent and long intermenstrual bloody discharge requires additional gynecological examination to clarify the diagnosis.

Tablets or spiral?

Спираль или гормональные таблетки – какое из этих contraceptives choose? To answer this question is quite difficult, since each of the presented methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, most patients choose the first option. This is due to the following points: