Does the pancreas produce what hormones?

The pancreas is formed by two sections: exocrine, occupying 98% of the gland and pancreatic - in the form of small patches across its surface.

The endocrine department is responsible for the secretion of gastric juice and the control of the processes occurring in the duodenum, and also nourishes the digestive fluids with enzymes.

The endocrine part is responsible for the production of hormones.

Hormonal function

The pancreas produces two hormones -this is glucagon and insulin. Alpha cells are involved in the process of glucagon production, and beta cells are involved in the production of insulin. In addition to these two types of cells, iron also contains delta cells that produce somatostatin.

What hormones the pancreas produces

Human insulin is divided into two types: stimulated and basal.

The basal type is distinguished by the fact that it enters the blood in the absence of necessity. An example of such a selection can be the production of insulin, when food does not enter the body, that is, on an empty stomach.

Blood glucose standards are no more than 5.5 mmol / l, while the insulin level should be 69 mmol / l.

Стимулированный тип вызывается с помощью посылов, arising from the consumption of food and intake of amino acids and glucose in the blood. The secretory function of these hormones is attributed to the stimulatory effects of drugs containing sulfonylurea.

Insulin stimulation occurs in two stages:

• Short - is the release of the hormone in the blood.
• Slow is the synthesis of a hormone.

In addition to them, various related substances involved in digestion are also produced here. This list reflects which enzymes the pancreas produces:

• The substances affecting proteins are trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases A and B, elastase, ribonuclease.
• Substances capable of digesting carbohydrates: amylase, invertase, maltose, lactose.
• Substances that can break down fats. These are cholinesterase and lipase.

If the pancreas does not produce enzymes, or their insufficiency is present, fermentopathy occurs, which is associated with a concomitant disease.

The role of hormones

The role of the pancreas in the production of insulin and glucagon is to regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the effect on the redistribution of glucose from blood plasma to tissue.

Its main function is the synthesis of lipocaine, which carries the task of blocking and regenerating liver cells.

In case of critical shortage, when the pancreasthe gland produces an insufficient number of such compounds, in the processes of functioning of the body begins a hormonal failure, which is caused by not only acquired, but also congenital defects.

When the pancreas makes a hormoneinsulin in insufficient quantities, there is a disease - diabetes. With an extreme excess of insulin, the glucagon content increases and the sugar concentration in blood cells decreases, which, in turn, increases the amount of adrenaline. Then hypoglycemia occurs - a decrease in the ability of liver cells to process glucose.

The absence or extreme deficiency of somatostatin leads to the occurrence of violations of various processes of the body's activity with an imbalance of metabolic processes.

How insulin is made

On what hormones the pancreas produces, the implementation of fat metabolism in the whole body is built.

Even before the formation of insulin, during the synthesis of itin beta cells, the substance proinsulin is released. By itself, it is not a hormone. The transformation process takes place under the action of the Golgi complex, as well as the presence of special enzymatic compounds. After the process of its transformation in the structure of cells, it will turn into insulin. Then it is re-absorbed back, where it is subjected to granulation and sent to storage, from where it will be removed in case of urgent need when giving signals by the body.

This system is triggered when the level rises.blood sugar when cells release stored insulin for its neutralization and proper processing into glycogen, increasing its concentration in the liver cells in muscle tissue, as a supplier of energy for the whole organism. Due to the effects of insulin, blood plasma sugar levels can quickly be restored to normal.

In identifying high levels of its contentin the blood, this should be interpreted as a signal that the body poorly resists the increased release of this hormone, which is associated with the inability of the receptors responsible for carbohydrate metabolism to recognize and eliminate such a danger. As a result, a disease called diabetes begins to develop. Its consequences are that carbohydrates that enter the body are not processed and digested, which is why blood tests show high blood sugar levels.

Signs of such diseases withoutof the tests is increased thirst, which is associated with the ability of glucose to absorb moisture. So, not neutralized in the blood, it causes dehydration.

What determines insulin secretion

Pancreas produces enzymes andhormones, quite subtly feeling the slightest change in blood sugar. Due to this, she sends signals to the body to start the formation of an increased amount of insulin, or the need to reduce it and send it to the reserve.

When diabetes occurs, endocrine isletsparts of the gland undergo changes and disturbances in the functions performed. In this regard, for diabetics there is a list of products that are contraindicated for use due to the high sugar content, which the body is unable to cope with. These are pastries and sweets, honey, carbohydrate products, as well as pure sugar. An excess of sugar in the blood leads to the extreme depletion of beta cells responsible for the synthesis of insulin, and can lead to their absolute death.

Glucagon

The pancreas produces glucagon inalpha cells. Intestinal mucous membranes produce the hormone interaglucogon, which is also a synergist of adrenaline. This pancreatic hormone is responsible for controlling the course of lipolysis and its speed, and also has a direct effect on glycogenolysis in the liver.

The main major function of the pancreas in the human body is the release of various hormones that contribute to the digestion of food and its assimilation.