If you touch a hot object, handreflexively retract. This is a simple mechanism of self-preservation, which is almost impossible to control. The set of reflexes is enormous, and they are especially well seen in the example of very young children, which is convenient in diagnosing diseases, because the child cannot say that, for example, he has a pain, and the body’s reaction speaks for itself.
About reflexes
Newborn babies up to a certain agereact to various stimuli is not at all as adults. And that which is the norm for them is later regarded as a pathology, and requires close attention. Including by them it is possible to understand how well the nervous system of the baby develops, whether there are any features and problems.
For babies, a certain set of reflexesis essential for survival. The search reflex, when the child turns its head in the direction of the stimulus in response to a touch on the cheek, is needed to establish nutrition. Children grab their fingers if they touch the center of their palms. They hold so tightly that they do not let go of the support, even if they are lifted in this way. This and much more increases the chances of survival and helps your baby grow and grow.
But, of course, it happens that a person gives out "extra" reactions that he cannot control. As a rule, this indicates serious problems that a neurologist can diagnose and treat.
Rossolimo GI
There is a pathological flexion reflex, named for the Russian scientist, which is one of the main signs of late spastic paralysis. It is worth learning a little about this researcher.
Grigori Ivanovich Rossolimo was born in 1860 inOdessa in the family of Greek origin. In 1884, he graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he met and became friends with A.P. Chekhov. Rossolimo's interests included mainly neuropathology, psychology and defectology.
In 1890 he became the head of the clinic of the nervousdiseases, while conducting scientific activities and teaching at the university, which he left in 1911. Researched G.I. Rossolimo have become an invaluable contribution to the diagnosis of brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and polio.
Также он занимался вопросами воспитания детей с problems of mental development, developed a method of assessing intellectual abilities, invented medical devices such as a dynamometer, clonograph, brain topographer. Nevertheless, it is most famous for the refinement of the course of the conductors in the nervous system and the description of the pathological flexor reflex that is currently bearing his name. It is widely used in diagnostics today, although the work of Grigori Ivanovich on this issue was published in 1902 - more than 100 years ago.
Reflex Rossolimo
Usually when this term is used, speechIt is about the feet, but in fact it can also be fixed when the fingers are irritated, although the latter is sometimes called by the name of the researcher Tremner.
Rossolimo reflex in almost all casesregistered in children up to 6 months of life, after that - in 30% of cases. As a rule, after 2 years it becomes negative, and after 3 a positive response may indicate serious problems of the nervous system.
Upper
Usually, when they talk about the Rossolimo reflex,mean the reaction that can occur with a certain effect on the toes. But there is also its counterpart in the upper limbs, called the wrist.
In order to test the reaction, the neurologistinflicts a short jerky touch-touch on the fingers of the subject (except the big one), while the hand is in the position with the palm down. In the case of pathology, there will be rhythmic bending movements that the patient is not able to control.
Lower
Аналогичная ситуация и со стопами.The study is located horizontally in a relaxed position. The doctor strikes short pads on the plantar side. In case of a positive reaction, flexion movements are observed. At the same time, the thumb will move backwards. From the observer’s side, it will look as if the subject is seeking to seize the stimulus with his foot.
Conditioning
Реакция на раздражитель проявляется в связи с the passage of pulses on a particular path, which depends on what specific reflex is tested. The reflex arcs are the very “tracks” that make up the complex, including the receptor, the afferent (neuron process), the central, efferent link and, finally, the effector (the executive body).
This term was introduced in 1850 and is nowIn some cases, it is considered incorrect, since it does not fully reflect the reaction mechanism and the presence of feedback. Instead, he is offered the concept of a reflex ring, which, however, is not always used.
If we talk about the lower pathologicalflexion reflex, reflex arcs will be as follows: the receptors of the sole - the tibial nerve - the sciatic - the neurons of the spinal cord. Here, two types of cells are involved in the formation of the reaction: sensory and motor. Further, through the sciatic and tibial nerve, the impulse returns to the initial region, to the muscles causing flexing of the fingers.
Causes
Reflex Rossolimo refers to the pyramidal signs.That is, a positive reaction after a certain age speaks of serious neurological problems. A certain group of pathological reflexes is so named because they help diagnose a lesion of the central neuron of the cerebral cortex, or of the cortical-spinal (pyramidal) pathway. Damage may be of a different nature, but, as a rule, they talk about organic.
If we talk about children, then to a certainThe age of the pathological reflex for them is not so due to the insufficient development of the pyramidal path immediately after birth. After some time, the reaction fades, after all the necessary connections are established. It is not necessary to think that a child showing a positive reflex is immature. Up to 6-12 months, this is the norm.
Value
The Rossolimo's flexion reflex ismanifestation of lesion of the central motor neuron. This stops the flow of inhibitory impulses into the spinal cord, and therefore it becomes possible to register a positive reaction to irritation.
At the same time, unlike some otherpathological reflexes, this one is not talking about an acute lesion (except for injury with spinal shock), but is a late manifestation of a disease such as central (spastic) paralysis.
The reason for this ailment lies in damagemotor neuron. Since the fibers and cells in it are located very closely, the manifestations often extend to whole parts or even half of the body. With this violation, there is a loss of motor functions, hypertonicity of muscles, hyperreflexia, clonuses (contraction in response to stretching), etc.
Treatment
Spastic paralysis itself, and after itand pathological reflexes and synkinesias (friendly movements) are only a manifestation of the underlying disease. But the lesions that they signal may be as follows:
- injuries;
- oncological diseases;
- metabolic disorders;
- infection;
- intoxication;
- congenital disorders.
In 60% of cases, spastic paralysis isa consequence of a stroke, and the reasons listed above fall to the rest. In each case, the doctor assesses the patient’s condition, identifies the causes of the problems and prescribes the appropriate treatment. This may be drugs that improve blood circulation or promote the restoration of brain cells.
Также, разумеется, уделяется внимание и основному the disease that caused the damage, if possible. If it is an infection, then appropriate antibiotics are prescribed. If we are talking about poisoning, it is necessary to carry out appropriate actions to cleanse the tissues of the body - dialysis, forced diuresis, etc. In addition, physiotherapy and reflexology, special baths, and massage are often prescribed.
Usually recover damaged structures ifthe Rossolimo positive reflex is recorded, it is not possible, but symptomatic treatment can significantly improve the patient’s condition and improve his quality of life. It is likely that with the development of medical technology, full recovery will be possible, but for now this is only a goal.
